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Characteristics and Perspectives of Disease at the Wildlife-Livestock Interface in North America

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Diseases at the Wildlife - Livestock Interface

Part of the book series: Wildlife Research Monographs ((WIREMO,volume 3))

Abstract

North America encompasses vast and diverse ecological regions that support a large array of species of native wildlife. Over the past 500 years livestock agriculture has become well established across the continent wherever practical and profitable, this has led to a high degree of overlap and interaction between wildlife and livestock. The interface created has led to two-way pathogen transmission, from livestock to wildlife and vice versa. The larger challenge than managing any disease in livestock, then, is controlling it in free-ranging wildlife. Farm typologies in North America vary from small subsistence producers with little biosecurity to immense, industrialized operations that employ high levels of biosecurity. Of course, with all the feed and waste associated with these large operations, many species of wildlife are continually attracted to them and challenging strategies put in place to limit pathogen transmission. North America is home to many long endemic (e.g., bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, rabies, pneumonia) and emerging or re-emerging (e.g., chronic wasting disease [CWD], West Nile virus, variants of highly pathogenic avian influenza) diseases. The continent is also at constant risk of infiltration of foreign diseases such as foot and mouth disease and African and classical swine fever. In this chapter, we detail the history and current state of disease prevention and mitigation at the wildlife-livestock interface in North America. Emphasis is given on how cooperation within and among Canada, Mexico, and the United States is leading to improvements in surveillance, the conduct of priority research, and the optimization of management as guided by adaptive, scientific principles.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Wildlife Research Center, USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Kurt C. Vercauteren

  2. Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA/APHIS/Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Ryan S. Miller

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  1. Kurt C. Vercauteren
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Correspondence to Kurt C. Vercauteren .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Spanish Wildlife Research Institute IREC, University of Castile-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain

    Joaquín Vicente

  2. National Wildlife Research Centre, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Kurt C. Vercauteren

  3. Spanish Wildlife Research Institute IREC, University of Castile-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain

    Christian Gortázar

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Vercauteren, K.C., Miller, R.S. (2021). Characteristics and Perspectives of Disease at the Wildlife-Livestock Interface in North America. In: Vicente, J., Vercauteren, K.C., Gortázar, C. (eds) Diseases at the Wildlife - Livestock Interface. Wildlife Research Monographs, vol 3. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65365-1_8

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