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Introduction on Integrated Science: Science Without Borders

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Integrated Science

Part of the book series: Integrated Science ((IS,volume 1))

Summary

We argue that complexity is the nature of problems. The first section of the chapter moves from a simple beginning, complex problems, to an end that both complex problems and complex problem-solving give birth to a depressed thinking society. The next section addresses what science is, what non-science (parascience and pseudoscience) is, what bad science is, what good science is, and what science education is for. It is followed by tracing the demarcation of science from non-science in philosophy, sociology, and history. Then, we see global borders classified as important and more important borders by the selective function of thinking. Also, we see how globalization has influenced global borders to be classified as borders to connect and borders to divide. The section on global issues recognizes ten burning questions and challenges on the imperfection of the world that, if failed to be treated effectively, would result in risks to humanity nobody wants to see. It would prepare us not to be surprised by the fact that health issues that are difficult to treat are those that are also difficult to define because they cross the borders between nations (infectious pandemics), body systems (multisystem diseases), tissues (metastatic diseases), in the mind and between the mind and environment (mental disorders), and even the borders between brain and body (immunoemotional disorders). We see science education when it is at cultural borders dealing with the duality of learning science or living everyday life, and also when crossing borders yielding both science and life. The importance of schools and universities without borders is noted. Then, we understand how science and technology control each other while both trying to come into a given society. Finally, we see the procedure and practice of integrated science and conclude that a cross between disciplines and a connection between scientists is a necessity for building metaknowledge and proposing metaperspectives.

Integrated science

[Adapted with permission from the Association of Science and Art (ASA), USERN; Made by Sepideh Sargoli, Shaghayegh Khodabakhshian, and Mahsa Yousefpour].

The code of this chapter is 01000011 01110100 01101111 01101110 01101110 01101110 01100011 01101001 01100101 01101111.

“We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them”.

Albert Einstein

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Integrated Science Association (ISA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

    Nima Rezaei & Amene Saghazadeh

  2. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Nima Rezaei & Amene Saghazadeh

  3. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Nima Rezaei

  4. Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Dr. Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran

    Nima Rezaei

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  1. Nima Rezaei
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  2. Amene Saghazadeh
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Correspondence to Nima Rezaei .

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  1. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

    Nima Rezaei

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Rezaei, N., Saghazadeh, A. (2021). Introduction on Integrated Science: Science Without Borders. In: Rezaei, N. (eds) Integrated Science. Integrated Science, vol 1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65273-9_1

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