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The Quinoa Genome pp 13–31Cite as

Botanical Context for Domestication in South America

Part of the Compendium of Plant Genomes book series (CPG)

Abstract

Quinoa domestication studies based on seed’s morphological traits and conducted in the Central Andes region concluded that it occurred somewhere around Lake Titicaca before 3000 BC. Recent genetic studies showed quinoa (an allotetraploid) resulting from the fusion of two diploid species (carrying the A and B genomes), one Eurasian and one American (probably in North America), from where a tetraploid ancestor migrated to South America. Extant wild relatives are found from the U.S. to South America, and quinoa is part of a complex of domesticates including Chenopodium berlandieri spp. jonesianum and nuttalliae. Quinoa domestication in the Andes appears as a diffuse process occurring in a wide area within the Bolivian Highlands. Here, we pose the hypothesis and provide evidence that quinoa was domesticated twice: in the Andes and Central Chile. The domestication syndrome in quinoa included bigger seeds with a reduced testa width and a range of colours, plus a wide array of plant architectures, panicle morphologies and reproductive partitioning. We widen those studies including root traits and phenological adaptations to a wide climatic range. Finally, the hypothesis that reduced testa width can be related more to reduced restrictions to seed growth than to a reduced dormancy is presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad Nacional de Salta and Conicet-CCT-Salta, Salta, Argentina

    Ramiro Nestor Curti

  2. Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires and IFEVA-Conicet, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Hector Daniel Bertero

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  1. Ramiro Nestor Curti
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  2. Hector Daniel Bertero
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Correspondence to Hector Daniel Bertero .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology of Yield Stability, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany

    Sandra M. Schmöckel

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Curti, R.N., Bertero, H.D. (2021). Botanical Context for Domestication in South America. In: Schmöckel, S.M. (eds) The Quinoa Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65237-1_2

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