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Local and Systemic Associations

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Blepharitis

Part of the book series: Essentials in Ophthalmology ((ESSENTIALS))

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Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to present a connection between systemic diseases and eyelid manifestations. Not infrequently, findings during a routine external eye exam have correlations to or are extensions of a larger process, the discovery of which aids in diagnosis for the ophthalmologist, as well as guides treatment for the patient in terms of systemic therapy. This chapter is ordered in such a way that specific disease entities are grouped by their underlying pathology. However, as a diagnosing clinician, it may be advisable to recognize stereotypical or pathognomonic findings that are encountered upon initial physical examination. And while the concentration of this chapter’s material will focus on eyelid findings, it would be remiss to not mention the physical findings elsewhere, including the skin, internal organs, and most importantly conjunctival and corneal involvement. These findings may be more immediately noticeable, and aid in the diagnosis when the eyelid findings are more nebulous or less specific. Additionally, underlying pathophysiology and diagnostic criteria are mentioned when pertinent. As always, when considering a systemic association, a careful review of systems, medications, and focused physical examination are warranted. Such diseases frequently require systemic therapy, and are most successfully deployed in a multidisciplinary fashion, including rheumatology, dermatology, or infectious disease subspecialists when indicated.

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Vincent M. Imbrogno declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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    Vincent Michael Imbrogno

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    James J. Reidy

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Imbrogno, V.M. (2021). Local and Systemic Associations. In: Farooq, A.V., Reidy, J.J. (eds) Blepharitis. Essentials in Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65040-7_3

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