Abstract
The thirty Jesuit-Guarani missions, established in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, formed a rich territorial system that left a significant cultural legacy for the platinum region, shared by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. From the point of view of the built heritage, several of the settlements were destroyed and under some of them new settlements were formed; there are ruins recognized and protected as world, national or local heritage, consolidated and presented as archaeological sites; and also in other settlements there was continuity in the settlement, maintaining the cultural tradition. Because of their universal significance, the remnants of the six villages with the highest degree of integrity (three in Argentina, one in Brazil and two in Paraguay) have been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. In 2015, together with the Misiones de Moxos and Chiquitos, in Bolivia, also inscribed on the World Heritage List, they were recognized as MERCOSUR’s Cultural Heritage. An important topic is the insertion of indigenous populations. In Brazil, the institutional relationship with the M’Byá Guarani has intensified as a result of the Inventory of Cultural References conducted by the Institute of National Historical and Artistic Heritage, as a result of the proposal to present new narratives on the Missions and, in particular, to understand the relationship of the Guarani with the remaining missionaries. Cultural tourism presents itself as a viable alternative to increase the value and use of the cultural heritage of the Missions in all its dimensions (natural, material, and immaterial) and also as an instrument for the reconfiguration of the system, with the possibility of new redefinitions and to structure circuits in a perspective of sustainable development. The aim of this communication is to collaborate with the comparative reading of the sites, with the discussion about the missionary system today and also to suggest lines for the integrated and shared management of heritage and cultural tourism.
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Notes
- 1.
In Brazil, in 1938, the site of the former reduction of São Miguel Arcanjo, better known as São Miguel ruins, was listed at the national level, followed by the listed sites of São João Batista, São Lourenço Mártir, and São Nicolau in 1970. In Argentina, between 1942 and 1943, 14 of the 15 missionary sites were declared a national monument.
- 2.
The Guaraní are organized in three groups: the Kayová, the Nhandeva, and the M’Byá. The latter live today in Rio Grande do Sul, in Santa Catarina, in Paraná, in São Paulo, in Rio de Janeiro, in Espírito Santo, and also in Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay (Souza et al. 2007).
- 3.
The training was carried out through workshops, by the NGO Vídeo nas Aldeias, with resources from IPHAN. The first film made by the young people was “Duas Aldeias, uma Caminhada”, which IPHAN edited and distributed. Then, they continued to produce films of interest to them and to travel, including abroad, to publicize them.
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Meira, A.L.G., Durán, L. (2021). Reflections on Tourism in Jesuitic-Guarani Missions. In: Christofoletti, R., Olender, M. (eds) World Heritage Patinas. The Latin American Studies Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64815-2_8
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