Abstract
Since the listing of the first churches and convents located in the Historic Center of Salvador (CHS), in 1938, a few months after the creation of IPHAN, the tutelage of the federal preservation agency over the area has progressively expanded. Today, the architectural, urban and landscape complexes of the Historic Center of Salvador and Lower Town, contiguous and protected by IPHAN, cover an area of more than 80 hectares, containing tens of thousands of properties. Although, over the past 80 years, there has been a progressive expansion of the legally protected areas in the CHS, it is not possible to say that the area is in a better state of conservation or with greater vitality than at the beginning of this process. This situation arises from several processes, which include, since the creation of a new urban centrality, in the 1970s, a few kilometers east of the founding city, to the adoption of requalification programs that proved to be wrong, and also by the weak articulation between the various spheres of government in the management process and in the planning of interventions carried out in the area.
Nivaldo Vieira de Andrade Junior—Professor at the Faculty of Architecture of the Federal University of Bahia (FAUFBA), Postgraduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism (PPGAU/UFBA) and the Professional Master’s Degree in Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Historical Centers of the same institution (MP-CECRE/UFBA).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
It should be noted that, through Decree-Law No. 55, of November 18, 1966, the national tourism policy, the Brazilian Tourism Company (EMBRATUR) and the National Tourism Council were created at the same time.
- 2.
The Agreement was signed as a consequence of the International Project Seminar: Urban Rehabilitation and City Culture, promoted in 2001 at Faufba, with the participation of professors and students from Brazilian, Italian and Chilean universities and sponsored by Conder, with the area between the streets of Pilar and Julião and Avenida Jequitaia as an intervention area. From the signing of the agreement, in 2003, the Pilar Urban Requalification Laboratory (RUP) was created, within the scope of Faufba, to elaborate the aforementioned plan and a series of architectural projects for the area. Both the seminar and the RUP were conceived and coordinated by Profa. Esterzilda Berenstein de Azevedo; the author of this article participated in the aforementioned seminar, still as a student of the undergraduate course in architecture and urbanism at Ufba, and, between 2003 and 2006, integrated, as an architect and master's student in the Graduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism at Ufba, the RUP technical team, co-authoring many of the projects developed for the area.
- 3.
For more information on the Pilar Urban Rehabilitation Plan and the architectural projects developed within the scope of the RUP/Faufba, as well as the Brasil Arquitetura project for Vila Nova Esperança and other social housing projects developed for CHS in the last decades, cf. Andrade Junior (2015).
- 4.
The apartments at Trapiche Adelaide Residencial, for example, had, at the time of their construction, in 2009, the most expensive square meter in the real estate market in Salvador, in the order of R$ 10,000 (Grupo …, 2009). Today, after more than ten years, they have grown even more: a one-bedroom apartment in Porto Trapiche Residence, with 95 m² of private area, is currently being sold for between R$ 1.25 million and R$ 2.1 million - a value between R$ 13,000 and R$ 22,000 per square meter. (source: Research conducted on the website imoveis.trovit.com.br on June 3, 2020).
- 5.
The Institute of Architects of Brazil - Department of Bahia (IAB-BA), the Council of Architecture and Urbanism of Bahia (CAU-BA) and the Union of Architects and Urban Planners of the State of Bahia (Sinarq-BA) have forwarded it to the Unesco's World Heritage Committee in Paris, on June 30, 2015, a document denouncing the state of abandonment of the CHS and, “in view of the seriousness of the situation and the imminence of new demolitions”, they asked that Committee “ send, with urgency, a monitoring mission with the objective of assessing the ruin situation of the Historic Center of Salvador and its possible declaration as a World Heritage in Danger site”(Instituto … 2015, p. 4). Although the entities received, on August 4, 2015, a letter from the UNESCO World Heritage Center acknowledging receipt of the complaint and committing themselves to take the appropriate measures (UNESCO 2015), until now, after five years, there is no news of any action in this regard.
- 6.
The Metropolitan Region of Salvador (RMS) has a population of 3,9 million inhabitants and consists of 13 Municipalities.
- 7.
"soteropolitano" is the person born in Salvador
References
Andrade Junior NV (2007) “A Influência Italiana na Modernidade Baiana: o caráter público, urbano e monumental da arquitetura de Filinto Santoro”. 19&20, Rio de Janeiro, v. I, n. 4, out. http://www.dezenovevinte.net/arte%20decorativa/ad_fs_vnaj.htm. Accessed 20 Jan 2020
Andrade Junior NV (2015) “Habitação de interesse social em centros históricos: Experiências e desafios em Salvador (e um contraponto limeño)”. In: GOMES, Marco Aurélio A. de Filgueiras; LUDEÑA URQUIZO, Wiley (Orgs.). Diálogos metropolitanos Lima / Salvador: Processos históricos e desafios do urbanismo contemporâneo. Salvador: Edufba, pp 149–182
Azevedo PO (1984) “O caso Pelourinho”. In: Arantes, Antônio (Org.). Produzindo o passado: Estratégias de construção do patrimônio cultural. Brasiliense, São Paulo, pp 219–255
Bahia (1975) Bahia constrói o futuro sem destruir o passado. Governo do Estado da Bahia, Salvador
Bahia.(2010) Centro Antigo de Salvador: Plano de Reabilitação Participativo. Secretaria de Cultura, Fundação Pedro Calmon, Salvador
Bahia (1979) Fundação do Patrimônio Artístico e Cultural da Bahia. 10 Anos de Fundação. FPAC, Salvador
Bahia (1997) Instituto do Patrimônio Artístico e Cultural. 30 anos do IPAC nos jornais. Instituto do Patrimônio Artístico e Cultural, Salvador
Bahia (2012) Secretaria de Infraestrutura. Pesquisa de Mobilidade na Região Metropolitana de Salvador. Síntese dos resultados das pesquisas domiciliar. Salvador: Secretaria de Infraestrutura do Estado da Bahia. http://www.infraestrutura.ba.gov.br/arquivos/File/publicacoes/sinteseODSalvadorRMS.pdf. Accessed 30 Mar 2020
Bardi LB, Ferraz MC (Org.). (2008) Lina Bo Bardi. Instituto Lina Bo e P.M. Bardi, São Paulo
Bastos MVSB (2019) O Programa de Cidades Históricas: A experiência e seus desdobramentos no Centro Histórico de Salvador (1973-1990). Dissertação (Mestrado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo) – Faculdade de Arquitetura, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador
Centro Histórico de Salvador: SPHAN cumpre exigência da UNESCO e amplia área tombada. Boletim SPHAN Pró-Memória, Brasília, nº 26, pp. 11–12, set./out. 1983
Cury I (Org.) (2004) Cartas Patrimoniais. Iphan, Rio de Janeiro
Geertz W (2018) Top 100 City Destinations 2018. Londres: Euromonitor International. http://go.euromonitor.com/rs/805-KOK-719/images/wpTop100CitiesEN_Final.pdf?mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiT0RFMk1HTXlZV1k0WTJNeCIsInQiOiJVTjUwcFVUUGlsMW8zeU5OTkRCN2pBSkNSKzBWSUVlVW96WHpNR0EzQkE4bGJMNVdVNG1OZm9uVDVXU3cwcmJvdlYwRnIxeHdKRGFMKzNFU2VjZG1PNnRrRU9XaHJlVUU3TkVvT2RRUDUrckE0QjBmWlFld2UxVEFwbzVLb1wvdnYifQ%3D%3D. Accessed 30 Mar 2020
Gordilho-Souza  (2010) “Ocupação Urbana e Habitação”. In: BAHIA. Centro Antigo de Salvador: Plano de Reabilitação Participativo. Secretaria de Cultura, Fundação Pedro Calmon, Salvador, pp 72–101
Grupo espanhol investe no Cloc Marina Residence na avenida Contorno”. BahiaJá. Jornalismo da Integração. Salvador, 03 fev 2009. http://www.bahiaja.com.br/salvador/noticia/2009/02/03/grupo-espanhol-investe-no-cloc-marina-residence-na-avenida-contorno,13340,0.html. Accessed 30 Mar 2020
ICOMOS (1985) International Council on Monuments and Sites. Liste du Patrimoine Mondial / World Heritage List n. 309. Paris: Icomos, Juillet/July. https://whc.unesco.org/document/153156. Accessed 20 Apr 2020
Instituto de Arquitetos do Brasil – Departamento da Bahia; Conselho de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Bahia; Sindicato dos Arquitetos e Urbanistas do estado da Bahia. Denuncia del estado de abandono del Centro Histórico de Salvador de Bahia, Brasil. 30 jun. 2015. https://iab.org.br/sites/default/files/Denuncia_iabba_Abandono_del_CH_de_SSA.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2020
Lima VC (1973) “O Projeto Pelourinho (Avaliação Crítica – 1971)”. In: IPHAN. Anais do II Encontro de Governadores para preservação do patrimônio histórico, artístico, arqueológico e natura do Brasil, realizado em Salvador, Bahia, de 25 a 29 de outubro de 1971. IPHAN, Rio de Janeiro, pp 160–165
Lis L, Gravia G (2019) “Brasil recebe menos estrangeiros que o Louvre; plano quer dobrar turistas no país até 2022”. G1 Turismo e Viagem, 19 maio. https://g1.globo.com/turismo-e-viagem/noticia/2019/05/19/brasil-recebe-menos-estrangeiros-que-o-louvre-plano-quer-dobrar-turistas-no-pais-ate-2022.ghtml. Accessed 30 Mar 2020
Meirelles M (2010) Discurso de transmissão de cargo do Ex-Secretário de Cultura Marcio Meirelles. 23 jan. http://www2.cultura.ba.gov.br/2011/01/25/discurso-de-transmissao-de-cargo-do-ex-secretario-de-cultura-marcio-meirelles/. Accessed 12 Apr 2020
Neville S-L (2013) Introduction. In: Association pour la Sauvegarde et la Mise en Valeur du Paris Historique. À l’origine de Paris Historique: Le Marais sauvé para son Festival. Association pour la sauvegarde et la mise en valeur du Paris historique, Paris, pp 5–32
Palacios MGLS (2009) A reforma do Pelourinho: o período pré-1992. 2009. Dissertação (Mestrado em Sociologia) – Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
Parent M (2008) Proteção e valorização do patrimônio cultural brasileiro no âmbito do desenvolvimento turístico e econômico. In: LEAL, Claudia Feierabend Baeta (Org.). As missões da Unesco no Brasil: Michel Parent. IPHAN, Rio de Janeiro, pp 35–191
Prefeitura cria plano para ampliar moradias no Comércio (2019) Bahia Notícias, Salvador, 30 Apr. https://www.bahianoticias.com.br/noticia/235333-prefeitura-cria-plano-para-ampliar-moradias-no-comercio.html. Accessed 30 Mar 2020
Salvador (2019) Prefeitura Municipal de Salvador. Centro Histórico. Salvador: Prefeitura Municipal de Salvador. http://vemprocentro.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/VemProCentro.pdf. Accessed 20 Mar 2020
Sampaio AHL (1999) Formas Urbanas – Cidade-Real & Cidade-Ideal: contribuição ao estudo urbanístico de Salvador. Quarteto, PPGAU/UFBA, Salvador
Sant’anna M (2016) “A herança do PCH: balanço crítico e desdobramentos 40 anos depois”. Anais do Museu Paulista, vol. 24, nº 1, São Paulo, jan./apr. https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-47142016000100059#fn29. Accessed 20 May 2020
Santos G (2019) “Salvador é a única do Nordeste entre as 10 cidades brasileiras mais visitadas”. Correio*, Salvador, 12 jan. https://www.correio24horas.com.br/noticia/nid/salvador-e-a-unica-do-nordeste-entre-as-10-cidades-brasileiras-mais-visitadas/. Accessed 30 Mar 2020
Santos M (2008) O centro da cidade do Salvador: estudo de geografia urbana. Edusp; Salvador: Edufba, São Paulo
Teixeira AN, do Espírito Santo MTG (2009) “A ZEIS de Vila Nova Esperança: habitação de interesse social no Centro Histórico de Salvador (Pelourinho/BA)”. Revista VeraCidade, Salvador, vol 8, pp 21–35
Tombamento adiado de Salvador trará prejuízo ao turismo. Jornal do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, n.p., 3 nov. 1984
UNESCO (2015) Centro del Patrimonio Mundial. Ref.: CLT/HER/WHC/CMT/RP/1975. 04 ago. 2015. http://www.iab-ba.org.br/2013/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/carta_resposta_unesco.pdf. Accessed 17 Jan 2020
UNWTO (2020) United Nations World Tourism Organization. World Tourism Barometer, vol. 18, Issue 1, jan. https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/wtobarometereng.2020.18.1.1. Accessed 30 Mar 30 2020
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
de Andrade Junior, N.V. (2021). Current Challenges and Risks for Preservation of the Historic Center of Salvador. In: Christofoletti, R., Olender, M. (eds) World Heritage Patinas. The Latin American Studies Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64815-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64815-2_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-64814-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-64815-2
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)