Skip to main content
Book cover

Genetic Enhancement in Major Food Legumes pp 303–338Cite as

Scaling Up Food Legume Production Through Genetic Gain and Improved Management

  • 185 Accesses

Abstract

Legumes occupy a very important place in food systems for being the main source of protein for very large vegetarian population globally as such and an important component of sustainable agriculture because of their unique ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen biologically. However, productivity and production in legumes is quite low to commensurate with the current and future demands. Countries like India with a large population had to import 5–six million tons of legumes annually to meet local demand till recently. Low genetic potential of existing varieties with farmers and poor management practices result in low productivity of legumes. New science developments like development of hybrid technology in pigeon pea, marker-assisted breeding, as well as gene editing/splicing and genetic transformations have opened up new vistas for developing high-yielding and stress-tolerant legume cultivars. Most tropical soils where most legumes are grown are degraded, and widespread deficiencies of secondary and micronutrients are observed in Asia and Africa. In order to harness the best available potential of legumes to produce protein-rich food as well as build soil health, integrated system approach needs to be adopted and followed. Soil health mapping across various agro-ecologies and addressing the issues of seed supply systems along with efficient knowledge delivery systems are a must. Good results by adopting integrated system approach in India showed that farmers enhanced the productivity of legumes by 20–50% in crops like pigeon pea, chickpea, soybean, green gram, groundnut, and black gram. One rupee spent on soil test-based fertility management in integrated approach brought returns of Rs 3 to Rs 15. Replacement of existing pigeon pea and chickpea varieties used by farmers with high-yielding improved cultivars showed increased productivity by 30% to 120%. Mission projects like Bhoochetana covering 4.75 million ha in Karnataka and also in Andhra Pradesh have demonstrated the need for development research to overcome the death valley of impacts and ensure sustainable productivity by overcoming compartmental approach. A new paradigm in agricultural development research is needed to benefit the farmers through science-based interventions.

Keywords

  • Agronomic practices
  • Fallow cultivation
  • Information and communications technology
  • Pulses
  • Nutrient management
  • Water
  • New technologies

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64500-7_10
  • Chapter length: 36 pages
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
eBook
USD   119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • ISBN: 978-3-030-64500-7
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
Hardcover Book
USD   159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Learn about institutional subscriptions
Fig. 10.1
Fig. 10.2
Fig. 10.3
Fig. 10.4

Notes

  1. 1.

    http://maps.thelist.tas.gov.au/listmap/app/list/map?bookmarkId=216124

  2. 2.

    www.mkisan.gov.in

References

  • Araya T, Cornelis WM, Nyssen J, Govaerts B, Bauer H, Gebreegziabher T, Oicha T, Raes D, Sayre KD, Haile M, Deckers J (2011) Effects of conservation agriculture on runoff, soil loss and crop yield under rain-fed conditions in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Soil Use Manag 27:404–414

    Google Scholar 

  • Araya T, Cornelis WM, Nyssen J, Govaerts B, Getnet F, Bauer H, Amare K, Raes D, Haile M, Deckers J (2012) Medium-term effects of conservation agriculture based cropping systems for sustainable soil and water management and crop productivity in the Ethiopian highlands. Field Crop Res 132:53–62

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Aslam M, Mahmood IA, Peoples MB, Schwenke H (2003) Contribution of chickpea nitrogen fixation to increased wheat production and soil organic fertility in rain-fed cropping. Biol Fertil Soils 38:59–64

    CAS  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Baudron FDR, Tittonell P, Corbeels M, Letourmy P, Giller KE (2012) Comparative performance of conservation agriculture and current smallholder farming practices in semi-arid Zimbabwe. Field Crop Res 132:117–128

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Chamango, A.M.Z, 2001. Improving grain yield of smallholder cropping systems: a farmer participatory research (FPR) approach with legumes for soil fertility improvement in central Malawi. Seventh Eastern and southern Africa Regional Maize Conference, February 11th-15th, 2001.pp 413-417

    Google Scholar 

  • Chander, G., Reddy, T.Y., Kumar, S., Padmalatha, Y., Reddy, S., Wani, S.P., Adinarayana, G. and Malla Reddy, Y.V. 2018a. Low-cost interventions for big impacts in dryland production systems. Archives of agronomy and soil Science. (In Press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chander G, Wani SP, Krishnappa K, Sahrawat KL, Parthasaradhi G, Jangawad LS (2016) Soil mapping and variety based entry-point interventions for strengthening agriculture-based livelihoods – exemplar case of ‘Bhoochetana’ in India. Curr Sci 110(9):1683–1691

    CAS  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Chander G, Wani SP, Pardhasaradhi G, Patil M, Rao AN (2018b) Building soil health, improving carbon footprint and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions through CSR, Chapter: 3. In: Wani SP, Raju KV (eds) Win-Win proposition for community and corporates through CSR. CABI

    Google Scholar 

  • Chander G, Wani SP, Sahrawat KL, Dixit S, Venkateswarlu B, Rajesh C, Rao PN, Pardhasaradhi G (2014) Soil test-based nutrient balancing improved crop productivity and rural livelihoods: case study from rain-fed semi-arid tropics in Andhra Pradesh, India. Arch Agron Soil Sci 60(8):1051–1066

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Chander G, Wani SP, Sahrawat KL, Jangawad LS (2012) Balanced plant nutrition enhances rain-fed crop yields and water productivity in Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh states in India. J Trop Agric 50(1–2):24–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Chander G, Wani SP, Sahrawat KL, Kamdi PJ, Pal CK, Pal DK, Mathur TP (2013a) Balanced and integrated nutrient management for enhanced and economic food production: case study from rain-fed semi-arid tropics in India. Arch Agron Soil Sci 59(12):1643–1658

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Chander G, Wani SP, Sahrawat KL, Pal CK, Mathur TP (2013b) Integrated plant genetic and balanced nutrient management enhances crop and water productivity of rain-fed production systems in Rajasthan, India. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 44:3456–3464

    CAS  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • FAO 1996. The state of ex-situ conservation. Page 90. In: The state of the world’s plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. FAO, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankel OH (1984) Genetic perspective of germplasm conservation. In: Arber W, Llimensee K, Peacock WJ, Starlinger P (eds) Genetic Manipulations: Impact on Man and Society. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, pp 161–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilley, J. E., Finkner, S. C., Spomer, R. G., Mielke, L. N., 1986. Runoff and Erosion as Affected by Corn Residue: Part I. Total Losses. Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications. Paper 125

    Google Scholar 

  • GoI (2017). Soil Health Card. Vol 2017

    Google Scholar 

  • GSM (2017). Global Soil Mapping. Vol. 2017

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagmann J, Chuma E, Muriwira K, Connolly M, Ficarelli P (2002) Success factors in integrated natural resource management R&D: lessons from practice. Conserv Ecol 5(2):29

    Google Scholar 

  • ICRISAT (2017a). Making Smart Food Choices (also available at www.icrisat.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Smart Food-flyer_Global_web.pdf)

  • ICRISAT (2017b). New sowing application increases yield BY 30%. http://www.icrisat.org/new-sowing-application-increases-yield-by-30/. Vol. 2017

  • Ito M, Matsumoto T, Quinones MA (2007) Conservation tillage practice in sub-Saharan Africa: The experience of Sasakawa Global 2000. Crop Prot 26:417–423

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Jat, R.A., Wani, S.P. and Sahrawat, K.L. 2012. Conservation Agriculture in the Semi-Arid Tropics: Prospects and Problems. Advances in Agronomy. Vol. 117. pp-191-273

  • Jat, R.A., Wani, S.P., Pathak, P., Singh, P., Sahrawat, K.L., Chander, G. and Sudi, R.S. 2015. Evaluating Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Potential of Conservation Agriculture in Semi-arid Tropics of Southern India. 2015. British Journal of Environment & Climate Change. Pp 325–338

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi PK, Parthasarathy Rao P (2017) Global pulses scenario: status and outlook. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1392:6–17

    CAS  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Kidd D, Malone B, McBratney A, Minasny B, Webb M (2014a) Digital mapping of a soil drainage index for irrigated enterprise suitability in Tasmania, Australia. Soil Research 52:107–119

    CAS  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Kidd D, Webb M, Grose C, Moreton R, Malone B, McBratney A, Minasny B (2014b) Operational digital soil assessment for enterprise suitability in Tasmania, Australia. Basis of the global spatial soil information system, GlobalSoilMap, p 113

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, S., Gupta, S., Chandra, S., & Singh, B. B. (2003). How wide is the Genetic Base of Pulse Crops? Icrisat, (Table I), 211–221. Retrieved from http://eprints.icrisat.ac.in/9335/

  • Li HW, Gao H, Wu H, Ying LW, Wang HY, He J (2007) Effects of 15 years of conservation tillage on soil structure and productivity of wheat cultivation in northern China. Aust J Soil Res 45(5):344–350

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Lin BB (2011) Resilience in agriculture through crop diversification: adaptive management for environmental change. Bioscience 61:183–193

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Massee TW, Cary JW (1978) Potential for reducing evaporation during summer fallow. J Soil Water Conserv 33(3):126–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Myaka F, Sakala W, Adu-Gyamfi J, Kamalongo D, Ngwira A, Odgaard R, Nielsen N, Hogh-Jensen H (2006) Yields and accumulations of N and P in farmer-managed intercrops of maize-pigeon pea in semi-arid Africa. Plant Soil 285:207–220

    CAS  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Naidu, L., Ramamurthy, V., Challa, O., Hegde, R., and Krishnan, P. (2006). Manual soil-site suitability criteria for major crops. Amravati, Road, Nagpu, India: National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (I CAR)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ngwira AR, Aune JB, Mkwinda S (2012) On-farm evaluation of yield and economic benefit of short term maize legume intercropping systems under conservation agriculture in Malawi. Field Crop Res 132:149–157

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Nocita, M., Stevens, A., van Wesemael, B., Aitkenhead, M., Bachmann, M., Barthès, B., Ben Dor, E., Brown, D. J., Clairotte, M., Csorba, A., Dardenne, P., Demattê, J. A. M., Genot, V., Guerrero, C., Knadel, M., Montanarella, L., Noon, C., Ramirez-Lopez, L., Robertson, J., Sakai, H., Soriano-Disla, J. M., Shepherd, K. D., Stenberg, B., Towett, E. K., Vargas, R., and Wetterlind, J. (2015). Chapter Four - Soil Spectroscopy: An Alternative to Wet Chemistry for Soil Monitoring. In "Advances in Agronomy" (D. L. Sparks, ed.), Vol. 132, pp. 139–159. Academic Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Parthasarathy Rao, P., Birthal, P.S., Bhagavatula, S. and Bantilan, M.C.S. 2010. Chickpea and pigeon pea economies in Asia: Facts, trends and outlook. Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). 76 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pathak P, Sudi R, Wani SP, Sahrawat KL (2013) Hydrological behavior of Alfisols and Vertisols in the semi-arid zone: Implications for soil and water management. Agric Water Manag 118:12–21

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Potter KN, Torbert HA, Morrison JEJ (1995) Tillage and residue effects on infiltration and sediment losses on Vertisols. Am Soc Agr Eng 38:1413–1419

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Rao CSR, Wani SP, Chander G, Sahrawat KL (2014) Balanced nutrient management for crop intensification and livelihood improvement: A case study from watershed in Andhra Pradesh, India. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 45:2515–2528

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Rao Kesava AVR, Wani SP, Singh KK, Irshad MA, Srinivas K, Snehal DB, Ramadevi O (2013) Increased arid and semi-arid areas in India with associated shifts during 1971-2004″. Journal of Agrometeorology 15(1):11–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Rockstrom J, Kaumbutho P, Mwalley J, Nzabi AW, Temesgen M, Mawenya L, Barron J, Mutua J, Damgaard-Larsen S (2009) Conservation farming strategies in East and Southern Africa: Yields and rain water productivity from on-farm action research. Soil Tillage Res 103:23–32

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Rusinamhodzi L, Corbeels M, Nyamangara J, Giller KE (2012) Maize-grain legume intercropping is an attractive option for ecological intensification that reduces climatic risk for smallholder farmers in central Mozambique. Field Crop Res 136:12–22

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Sahrawat, K.L., Wani, S.P., Chander, G., Pardhasaradhi, G. and Krishnappa, K. 2016. Soil nutrient mapping for on-farm fertility management. In: Harnessing dividends from drylands: innovative scaling up with soil nutrients, Chapter: 3, KV Raju and SP Wani (Eds.). CABI. pp 59-77

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahrawat KL, Wani SP, Rego TJ, Pardhasaradhi G, Murthy KVS (2007) Widespread deficiencies of sulphur, boron and zinc in dryland soils of the Indian semi-arid tropics. CurrentScience 93:1428–1432

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saxena, K. B., Chauhan, Y. S., Kumar, C. V. S., Hingane, A. J., Kumar, R. V., Saxena, R. K., Rao, G. V. R. (2018). Developing improved varieties of pigeon pea. In Shoba Sivasankar, David Bergvinson, Pooran Gaur, Shiv Kumar Agrawal, Steve Beebe, Manuele Tamò (Eds.): Achieving sustainable cultivation of grain legumes, Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing (Burleigh Dodds Series in AgriculturalScience), 2, pp. 297–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Serraj R (2003) Atmospheric CO2 increase benefits symbiotic N2 fixation by legumes under drought. Curr Sci 85(9):1341–1343

    Google Scholar 

  • Van den Putte A, Govers G, Diels J, Gillijns K, Demuzere M (2010) Assessing the effect of soil tillage on crop growth: A meta-regression analysis on European crop yields under conservation agriculture. Eur J Agron 33:231–241

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Varshney RK, Thudi M, Pandey MK, Tardieu F, Ojiewo C, Vadez V et al (2018) Accelerating genetic gains in legumes for the development of prosperous smallholder agriculture: Integrating genomics, phenotyping, systems modeling and agronomy. J Exp Bot 69(13):3293–3312. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ery088

    CAS  CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Upadhyaya, H. D., Gowda, C. L. L., Pundir, R. P. S., & Ntare, B. R. 2007. Use of core and mini core collections in the preservation and utilization of genetic resources in crop improvement. Plant Genetic Resources and Food Security in West and Central Africa. Regional Conference, Ibadan, Nigeria, 26–30 April 2004, (1984), 96–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Upadhyaya HD, Sastry DVSSR, Vetriventhan M, Pattanashetti SK, Reddy KN, Singh S (2016) Mini core collection: means to enhance utilization of germplasm. ICRISAT, Open Access repository

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang XB, Cai DX, Hoogmoed WB, Oenema O, Perdok UD (2007) Developments in conservation tillage in rain-fed regions of North China. Soil Tillage Res 93(2):239–250

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Viscarra Rossel, R., Adamchuk, V., Sudduth, K., McKenzie, N., and Lobsey, C. 2011. "Proximal Soil Sensing: An Effective Approach for Soil Measurements in Space and Time."

    Google Scholar 

  • Wani, S.P., Dwivedi, R.S., Ramana, K.V., Vadivelu, A., Navalgund, R.R. and Pande, A.B. 2002a. Spatial Distribution of Rainy Season Fallows in Madhya Pradesh: Potential for Increasing Productivity and Minimizing Land Degradation. Global Theme on Agroecosystems Report no. 3. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India

    Google Scholar 

  • Wani, S.P., Pathak, P., Tam, H.M., Ramakrishna, A., Singh, P. and Sreeedevi, T.K. 2002b. Integrated Watershed Management for Minimizing Land Degradation and Sustaining Productivity in Asia. In Integrated Land Management in Dry Areas. Proceedings of a Joint UNU-CAS International Workshop (Zafar Adeel, ed.), 8–13 September 2001, Beijing, China pp 207-230

    Google Scholar 

  • Wani, S.P., Chander, G. and Anantha, K.H. 2017. Enhancing resource use efficiency through soil management for improving livelihoods. In: Adaptive Soil Management: From Theory to Practices, Chapter: 19 (A Rakshit, PC Abhilash, HB Singh, S Ghosh Ed.). Springer Singapore. pp 413-451

    Google Scholar 

  • Wani, S.P., Chander, G., Bhattacharyya, T. and Patil, M. 2016. Soil Health Mapping and Direct Benefit Transfer of Fertilizer Subsidy. Research Report IDC-6. Patancheru 502 324. Telangana, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 52 pp. (Online): http://oar.icrisat.org/9747/1/2016-088%20Res%20Rep%20IDC%206%20soil%20health%20mapping.pdf

  • Wani SP, Chander G, Garg KK (2018a) A Holistic Approach for Achieving the Impacts through CSR, Chapter: 2. In: Wani SP, Raju KV (eds) Win-Win proposition for community and corporates through CSR. CABI

    Google Scholar 

  • Wani, S.P., Chander, G. and Pardhasaradhi, G. 2018b. Soil amendments for sustainable intensification. In: Soil Amendments for Sustainability: Challenges and Perspectives (Rakshit, A., Sarkar, B. and Abhilashis, P. Ed.). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group

    Google Scholar 

  • Wani SP, Chander G, Sahrawat KL (2012a) Soil health awareness: soil science at doorsteps of the farmers. In: Sarode SV, Deshmukh JP, Kharche VK, Sable YR (eds) Proceedings of national seminar on “Soil Security for Sustainable Agriculture”, 27–28 February, 2010. Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeet, Akola, Maharashtra, India, pp 1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Wani SP, Chander G, Sahrawat KL (2014) Science-led interventions in integrated watersheds to improve smallholders’ livelihoods. NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences 70(71):71–77

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Wani, S.P., Chander, G., Sahrawat, K.L., Dixit, S. and Venkateswarlu, B. 2013. Improved crop productivity and rural livelihoods through balanced nutrition in the rain-fed semi-arid tropics. Resilient Dryland Systems Report No. 58. Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), pp 36

    Google Scholar 

  • Wani SP, Chander G, Sahrawat KL, Pardhasaradhi G (2015a) Soil test-based balanced nutrient management for sustainable intensification and food security: case from Indian semi-arid tropics. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 46(S1):20–33

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Wani SP, Chander G, Uppal RK (2015b) Enhancing nutrient use efficiencies in rain-fed systems. In: Rakshit A, Singh HB, Sen A (eds) Nutrient Use Efficiency: from Basics to Advances. Springer, India, pp 359–380. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2169-2_23

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Wani SP, Dixin Y, Li Z, Dar WD, Chander G (2012b) Enhancing agricultural productivity and rural incomes through sustainable use of natural resources in the SAT. J Sci Food Agric 92:1054–1063

    CAS  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Wani, S.P., Garg, K.K., Singh, A.K. and Rockström, J. 2012c. Sustainable management of scarce water resource in tropical rain-fed agriculture. In: Lal, R. and Stewart, B.A. (eds) Soil Water and Agronomic Productivity. Advances in Soil Science. CRC Press, UK, pp. 347–408

    Google Scholar 

  • Wani SP, Pathak P, Jangawad LS, Eswaran H, Singh P (2003) Improved management of Vertisols in the semi-arid tropics for increased productivity and soil carbon sequestration. Soil Use Manag 19(3):217–222

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Wani SP, Raju KV (2016) Lessons learnt and a way forward. In: Raju KV, Wani SP (eds) Harnessing Dividends from Drylands: Innovative Scaling up with Soil Nutrients. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp 290–305

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Wani, S.P., Sahrawat, K.L., Sarvesh, K.V., Baburao Mudbi and Krishnappa, K. 2011. Soil Fertility Atlas for Karnataka, India. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu Y, Li P, Zou C, Lu Y, Xie C, Zhang X, Olsen MS (2017) Enhancing genetic gain in the era of molecular breeding. J Exp Bot 68(11):2641–2666. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erx135

    CAS  CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We sincerely acknowledge the state governments of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh and Ministry of Water Resources and Department of Agriculture, Farmers’ Welfare and Co-operation, Governments of India, and Sir Dorabji Tata Trust and Sir Ratan Tata Trust, Mumbai, for financial support. We also acknowledge the help of implementing partners in the consortium in different states as well as the farmers who conducted the trials.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Research program Asia, Patancheru, Telangana, India

    Suhas P. Wani, Girish Chander, Mukund D. Patil, Gajanan Sawargavkar & Sameer Kumar

  2. Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Hyderabad, India

    Sameer Kumar

Authors
  1. Suhas P. Wani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Girish Chander
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mukund D. Patil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gajanan Sawargavkar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sameer Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pigeonpea Breeding, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India

    Kul Bhushan Saxena

  2. Research Program- Genetic Gains, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India

    Dr. Rachit K. Saxena

  3. Research Program- Genetic Gains, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India

    Dr. Rajeev K. Varshney

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Wani, S.P., Chander, G., Patil, M.D., Sawargavkar, G., Kumar, S. (2021). Scaling Up Food Legume Production Through Genetic Gain and Improved Management. In: Saxena, K.B., Saxena, R.K., Varshney, R.K. (eds) Genetic Enhancement in Major Food Legumes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64500-7_10

Download citation