Abstract
Nanotechnology in membrane process has emerged as a boon in various realms and sectors including industry, food, healthcare, electronics, water purification, military, clothing, space and construction etc.
There is a significant need for novel advanced water technologies, in particular to ensure a high quality of drinking water, eliminate micropollutants, and intensify industrial production processes by the use of flexibly adjustable water treatment systems. Nanoengineered materials, such as nanoadsorbents, nanometals, nanomembranes, and photocatalysts, offer the potential for novel water technologies that can be easily adapted to required applications. TiO2 and graphene-based membranes have the potentials to become the preferred candidates to next-generation membranes coupling high permeability to high selectivity. In order to enter the water and wastewater market, aquaporin-based membranes have to be competitive with conventional membranes in terms of stability and useful life. However, technical limitation of nanoengineered water technologies is that they are rarely adaptable to mass processes, and at present, in many cases are not competitive with conventional treatment technologies.
In the medical world, nanotechnology is also seen as a boon since this can help with creating what is called smart drugs. In medicine, nanotechnology is entering in areas like tissue regeneration, bone repair, immunity and even cures for such ailments like cancer, diabetes, and other life threatening diseases. Nanotubes are playing the role to cure paralysis and neurological diseases. Iron oxide nanoparticles, with their superparamagnetic properties, are used in a rapidly expanding number of applications, such as for cell labeling, separation, and tracking; for therapeutic agents in cancer therapy, and for diagnostic agents. There is promising research that indicates that the cure for cancer could lie in the hands of nanoscience.
Keywords
- Nanofibers
- Mixed matrix membrane
- Water purification
- Gas separation
- Surface modification
- Liquid membranes
- Biomedical applications
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Khulbe, K.C., Matsuura, T. (2021). Membrane Applications. In: Nanotechnology in Membrane Processes. Lecture Notes in Nanoscale Science and Technology, vol 29. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64183-2_6
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