Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Lessons Learned from Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Recordings

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cardiac Bioelectric Therapy

  • 652 Accesses

Abstract

The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is a remarkable product of engineering and electrophysiology. Through the automatic application of defibrillation and antitachycardia pacing, thousands of lives have been saved. The data recorded by these devices to allow clinicians to ascertain correct operation of the device have also provided a unique view into the electrophysiology of the ambulatory patient. Key learnings about the nature and treatment of ventricular and atrial tachyarrhythmias have been gained. The differences between phenomena that can be studied in the electrophysiology laboratory and the real-world performance of electrical therapy are illuminated by these recordings. Necessary technical improvements as well as changes in clinical practice of device therapy have been motivated by such these recordings. The remaining challenges to the improvement of the performance of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators are illustrated by these unique data.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Marchlinski FE, Callans DJ, Gottlieb CD, et al. Benefits and lessons learned from stored electrogram information in implantable defibrillators. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 1995;6(10 Pt 1):832–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Israel CW, Barold SS. Pacemaker systems as implantable cardiac rhythm monitors. Am J Cardiol. 2001;88(4):442–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Weretka S, Becker R, Hilbel T, et al. Far-field R wave oversensing in a dual chamber arrhythmia management device: predisposing factors and practical implications. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2001;24(8 Pt 1):1240–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Sweeney MO, Ellison KE, Shea JB, et al. Provoked and spontaneous high-frequency, low-amplitude, respirophasic noise transients in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2001;12(4):402–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ellenbogen KA, Kay G, Lau C-P, et al. Cardiac pacing, defibrillation and resynchronization therapy. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Gold MR, Shorofsky SR, Thompson JA, et al. Advanced rhythm discrimination for implantable cardioverter defibrillators using electrogram vector timing and correlation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2002;13(11):1092–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Swerdlow CD, Brown ML, Lurie K, et al. Discrimination of ventricular tachycardia from supraventricular tachycardia by a downloaded wavelet-transform morphology algorithm: a paradigm for development of implantable cardioverter defibrillator detection algorithms. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2002;13(5):432–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Luthje L, Vollmann D, Rosenfeld M, et al. Electrogram configuration and detection of supraventricular tachycardias by a morphology discrimination algorithm in single chamber ICDs. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2005;28(6):555–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hook BG, Marchlinski FE. Value of ventricular electrogram recordings in the diagnosis of arrhythmias precipitating electrical device shock therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;17(4):985–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Grimm W, Flores BF, Marchlinski FE. Electrocardiographically documented unnecessary, spontaneous shocks in 241 patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1992;15(11 Pt 1):1667–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Callans DJ, Hook BG, Marchlinski FE. Use of bipolar recordings from patch-patch and rate sensing leads to distinguish ventricular tachycardia from supraventricular rhythms in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1991;14(11 Pt 2):1917–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sarter BH, Hook BG, Callans DJ, et al. Effect of bundle branch block on local electrogram morphologic features: implications for arrhythmia diagnosis by stored electrogram analysis. Am Heart J. 1996;131(5):947–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Hallett N, Monahan K, Casavant D, et al. Inadequacy of qualitative implantable cardioverter defibrillator electrogram analysis to distinguish supraventricular from ventricular tachycardia due to electrogram changes during normally conducted complexes. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1997;20(6):1723–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Nayak HM, Tsao L, Santoni-Rugiu F, et al. A pitfall in using far-field bipolar electrograms in arrhythmia discrimination in a patient with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1997;20(11):2864–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Hook BG, Callans DJ, Kleiman RB, et al. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in the absence of significant symptoms. Rhythm diagnosis and management aided by stored electrogram analysis. Circulation. 1993;87(6):1897–906.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Fan K, Lee K, Lau CP. Dual chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator benefits and limitations. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 1999;3(3):239–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Greenberg RM, Degeratu FT. Use of atrial and ventricular electrograms from a dual chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator to elucidate a complex dysrhythmia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1998;21(10):2002–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Marchlinski FE, Gottlieb CD, Sarter B, et al. ICD data storage: value in arrhythmia management. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1993;16(3 Pt 2):527–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Swerdlow CD, Friedman PA. Advanced ICD troubleshooting: part I. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2005;28(12):1322–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. AVID Investigators. A comparison of antiarrhythmic-drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular arrhythmias. N Engl J Med. 1997;337(22):1576–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Raitt MH, Klein RC, Wyse DG, et al. Comparison of arrhythmia recurrence in patients presenting with ventricular fibrillation versus ventricular tachycardia in the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91(7):812–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS, Daubert JP, Higgins SL, Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial Investigators, et al. Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia. N Engl J Med. 1996;335(26):1933–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Buxton AE, Lee KL, Fisher JD, Josephson ME, Prystowsky EN, Hafley G, Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Investigators. A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(25):1882–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Sweeney MO, Wathen MS, Volosin K, et al. Appropriate and inappropriate ventricular therapies, quality of life, and mortality among primary and secondary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients: results from the Pacing Fast VT REduces Shock ThErapies (PainFREE Rx II) trial. Circulation. 2005;111(22):2898–905.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, et al. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(3):225–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Poole JE, Johnson GW, Callans DJ, et al. Rhythm precursors in those treated for ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation in SCD-HeFT. Heart Rhythm. 2005;2(5 Suppl 1):S39–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Cha YM, Hayes DL, Asirvatham SJ, Powell BD, Cesario DA, Cao M, et al. Impact of shock energy and ventricular rhythm on the success of first shock therapy: the ALTITUDE first shock study. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10(5):702–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, et al. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(12):877–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Bardy GH, Yee R, Jung W. Multicenter experience with a pectoral unipolar implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Active Can Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28(2):400–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Gold MR, Higgins S, Klein R, et al. Efficacy and temporal stability of reduced safety margins for ventricular defibrillation: primary results from the Low Energy Safety Study (LESS). Circulation. 2002;105(17):2043–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Sweeney MO, DeGroot PJ, Stark AJ, et al. Relationship between defibrillation thresh-old, programmed energy, and first shock efficacy for fast ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in PainFREE Rx II. Circulation. 2004;110(17 Suppl):1–835.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Gunderson BD, Abeyratne AI, Olson WH, et al. Effect of programmed number of intervals to detect ventricular fibrillation on implantable cardioverter-defibrillator aborted and unnecessary shocks. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2007;30(2):157–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Mitchell LB, Pineda EA, Titus JL, et al. Sudden death in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: the importance of post-shock electromechanical dissociation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39(8):1323–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Anderson KP. Sudden cardiac death unresponsive to implantable defibrillator therapy: an urgent target for clinicians, industry and government. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2005;14(2):71–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Neglia JJ, Krol RB, Giorgberidze I, et al. Evaluation of a programming algorithm for the third tachycardia zone in a fourth-generation implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 1997;1(1):49–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. McVeigh K, Mower MM, Nisam S, et al. Clinical efficacy of low energy cardioversion in automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1991;14(11 Pt 2):1846–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Wathen MS, DeGroot PJ, Sweeney MO, et al. Prospective randomized multicenter trial of empirical antitachycardia pacing versus shocks for spontaneous rapid ventricular tachycardia in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: Pacing Fast Ventricular Tachycardia Reduces Shock Therapies (PainFREE Rx II) trial results. Circulation. 2004;110(17):2591–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Li HG, Yee R, Mehra R, et al. Effect of shock timing on efficacy and safety of internal cardioversion for ventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;24(3):703–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Chinushi M, Aizawa Y, Higuchi K. Ventricular tachycardia initiated by high energy cardioversion in a patient with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Heart. 1997;77(4):373–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Cates AW, Wolf PD, Hillsley RE, et al. The probability of defibrillation success and the incidence of postshock arrhythmia as a function of shock strength. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1994;17(7):1208–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Duru F, Candinas R. Potential proarrhythmic effects of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Clin Cardiol. 1999;22(2):139–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Zivin A, Souza J, Pelosi F, et al. Relationship between shock energy and postdefibrillation ventricular arrhythmias in patients with implantable defibrillators. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 1999;10(3):370–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Josephson ME. Clinical cardiac electrophysiology: techniques and interpretations. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Wathen MS, Sweeney MO, DeGroot PJ, et al. Shock reduction using antitachycardia pacing for spontaneous rapid ventricular tachycardia in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2001;104(7):796–801.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Fisher JD, Zhang Z, Kim SG, et al. Comparison of burst pacing, autodecremental (ramp) pacing, and universal pacing for termination of ventricular tachycardia. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1996;89(1):135–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Peinado R, Almendral J, Rius T, et al. Randomized, prospective comparison of four burst pacing algorithms for spontaneous ventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82(11):1422–5, A1428–1429.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Fisher JD, Johnston DR, Furman S, et al. Long-term efficacy of antitachycardia pacing for supraventricular and ventricular tachycardias. Am J Cardiol. 1987;60(16):1311–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Bardy GH, Poole JE, Kudenchuk PJ, et al. A prospective randomized repeat-crossover comparison of antitachycardia pacing with low-energy cardioversion. Circulation. 1993;87(6):1889–96.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Wilkoff BL, Ousdigian KT, Sterns LD, et al. A comparison of empiric to physician-tailored programming of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: results from the prospective randomized multicenter EMPIRIC trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48(2):330–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Porterfield JG, Porterfield LM, Smith BA, et al. Conversion rates of induced versus spontaneous ventricular tachycardia by a third generation cardioverter defibrillator. The VENTAK PRx Phase I Investigators. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1993;16(1 Pt 2):170–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Schaumann A, Mühlen FV, Herse B, et al. Empirical versus tested antitachycardia pacing in implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a prospective study including 200 patients. Circulation. 1998;97(1):66–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Gillis AM, Leitch JW, Sheldon RS, et al. A prospective randomized comparison of autodecremental pacing to burst pacing in device therapy for chronic ventricular tachycardia secondary to coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1993;72(15):1146–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Poole JE, Johnson GW, Callans DJ, et al. Analysis of implantable defibrillator shock electrograms in the sudden cardiac death-heart failure trial. Heart Rhythm. 2004;1(1 Suppl 1):S178–9.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Monahan KM, Hadjis T, Hallett N, et al. Relation of induced to spontaneous ventricular tachycardia from analysis of stored far-field implantable defibrillator electrograms. Am J Cardiol. 1999;83(3):349–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Sears SF, Rosman L, Sasaki S, Kondo Y, Sterns LD, Schloss EJ, et al. Defibrillator shocks and their effect on objective and subjective patient outcomes: Results of the PainFree SST clinical trial. Heart Rhythm. 2001;15(5):734–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Santini M, Lunati M, Defaye P, Mermi J, Proclemer A, del Castillo-Arroys S, et al. Prospective multicenter randomized trial of fast ventricular tachycardia termination by prolonged versus conventional anti-tachyarrhythmia burst pacing in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients-Atp DeliVery for pAiNless ICD thErapy (ADVANCE-D) Trial results. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2010;27(2):127–35.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Gasparini M, Anselme F, Clementy J, Santini M, Martínez-Ferrer J, De Santo T, ADVANCE CRT-D Investigators, et al. BIVentricular versus right ventricular antitachycardia pacing to terminate ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy: the ADVANCE CRT-D Trial. Am Heart J. 2010;159(6):1116–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Arenal A, Proclemer A, Kloppe A, Lunati M, Ferrer JBM, Hersi A, et al. Different impact of long-detection interval and anti-tachycardia pacing in reducing unnecessary shocks: data from the ADVANCE III trial. Europace. 2016;18(11):1719–25.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Martins RP, Blangy H, Muresan L, Freysz L, Groben L, Zinzius PY, et al. Safety and efficacy of programming a high number of antitachycardia pacing attempts for fast ventricular tachycardia: a prospective study. Europace. 2012;14(10):1457–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Anguera I, Dallaglio P, Martínez-Ferrer J, Rodríguez A, Alzueta J, Pérez-Villacastín J, et al. Shock reduction with multiple bursts of antitachycardia pacing therapies to treat fast ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a multicenter study. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2015;26(7):774–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Joung B, Lexcen DR, Ching C, Silver MT, Piccini JP, Sterns L, et al. Additional antitachycardia pacing programming strategies further reduce unnecessary implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks. Heart Rhythm. 2019;17(1):98–105.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Kouakam C, Lauwerier B, Klug D, et al. Effect of elevated heart rate preceding the onset of ventricular tachycardia on antitachycardia pacing effectiveness in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Am J Cardiol. 2003;92(1):26–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Yee R, Fisher JD, Birgersdotter-Green U, Smith TW, Kenigsberg DN, Canby R, et al. Initial clinical experience with a new automated antitachycardia pacing algorithm: feasibility and safety in an ambulatory patient cohort. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2017;10(9):e004823.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. MacGregor JF, Wasmund SL, Pai RK, Abedin M, Akoum N, Segerson NM, et al. The magnitude of sinus cycle length change during ventricular tachycardia is predictive of successful antitachycardia pacing. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2006;29(11):1195–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Jiménez-Candil J, Anguera I, Ledesma C, Fernández-Portales J, Moríñigo JL, Dallaglio P, et al. Morphology of far-field electrograms and antitachycardia pacing effectiveness among fast ventricular tachycardias occurring in ICD patients: a multicenter study. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2013;24(12):1375–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Jiménez-Candil J, Hernández J, Martín A, Moríñigo J, López R, Ledesma C, Martín-Luengo C. Influence of cycle length variations on antitachycardia pacing effectiveness among ICD patients. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10(2):207–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Muller JE, Ludmer PL, Willich SN, et al. Circadian variation in the frequency of sudden cardiac death. Circulation. 1987;75(1):131–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Englund A, Behrens S, Wegscheider K, et al. Circadian variation of malignant ventricular arrhythmias in patients with ischemic and nonischemic heart disease after cardioverter defibrillator implantation. European 7219 Jewel Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34(5):1560–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Fries RP, Heisel AG, Jung JK, et al. Circannual variation of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and either coronary artery disease or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79(9):1194–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Grimm W, Walter M, Menz V, et al. Circadian variation and onset mechanisms of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with coronary disease versus idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2000;23(11 Pt 2):1939–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Lampert R, Rosenfeld L, Batsford W, et al. Circadian variation of sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with coronary artery disease and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Circulation. 1994;90(1):241–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Mallavarapu C, Pancholy S, Schwartzman D, et al. Circadian variation of ventricular arrhythmia recurrences after cardioverter-defibrillator implantation in patients with healed myocardial infarcts. Am J Cardiol. 1995;75(16):1140–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Taneda K, Aizawa Y. The Japanese ICDSG. Absence of a morning peak in ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation events in nonischemic heart disease: analysis of therapies by implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2001;24(11):1602–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Tofler GH, Gebara OC, Mittleman MA, et al. Morning peak in ventricular tachyarrhythmias detected by time of implantable cardioverter/defibrillator therapy. The CPI Investigators. Circulation. 1995;92(5):1203–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Wood MA, Simpson PM, London WB, et al. Circadian pattern of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;25(4):901–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Behrens S, Galecka M, Bru GT, et al. Circadian variation of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias terminated by appropriate shocks in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Am Heart J. 1995;130(1):79–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Lee AKY, Mardini M, Ross DL, et al. Factors affecting diurnal variability of ventricular tachyarrhythmias detected by multiprogrammable implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Heart Lung Circ. 2004;13(3):256–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Page RL, Zipes DP, Powell JL, et al. Seasonal variation of mortality in the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) study registry. Heart Rhythm. 2004;1(4):435–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Li Y, Nantsupawat T, Tholakanahalli V, Adabag S, Wang Z, Benditt DG, et al. Characteristics and periodicity of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia events in a population of military veterans with implantable cardioverter defibrillator. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2020;58(2):123–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Meyerfeldt U, Schirdewan A, Wiedemann M, et al. The mode of onset of ventricular tachycardia: a patient-specific phenomenon. Eur Heart J. 1997;18(12):1956–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Roelke M, Garan H, McGovern BA, et al. Analysis of the initiation of spontaneous monomorphic ventricular tachycardia by stored intracardiac electrograms. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23(1):117–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Saeed M, Link MS, Mahapatra S, et al. Analysis of intracardiac electrograms showing monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Am J Cardiol. 2000;85(5):580–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Taylor E, Berger R, Hummel JD, et al. Analysis of the pattern of initiation of sustained ventricular arrhythmias in patients with implantable defibrillators. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2000;11(7):719–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Roelke M, O’Nunain S, Osswald S, et al. Ventricular pacing induced ventricular tachycardia in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1995;18(3 Pt 1):486–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Sweeney MO, Ruetz LL, Belk P, et al. Bradycardia Pacing-induced short-long-short sequences at the onset of ventricular tachyarrhythmias: a possible mechanism of proarrhythmia? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50(7):614–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Himmrich E, Przibille O, Zellerhoff C, et al. Proarrhythmic effect of pacemaker stimulation in patients with implanted cardioverter-defibrillators. Circulation. 2003;108(2):192–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Lombardi F, Porta A, Marzegalli M, et al. Heart rate variability patterns before ventricular tachycardia onset in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Participating Investigators of ICD-HRV Italian Study Group. Am J Cardiol. 2000;86(9):959–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Mani V, Wu X, Wood MA, et al. Variation of spectral power immediately prior to spontaneous onset of ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 1999;10(12):1586–96.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Sierra G, Molin F, Savard P, et al. Characterization of ventricular tachycardias based on time and frequency domain analyses of cycle length variability in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Can J Cardiol. 1999;15(11):1223–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Baumert M, Baier V, Haueisen J, et al. Forecasting of life threatening arrhythmias using the compression entropy of heart rate. Methods Inf Med. 2004;43(2):202–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Baumert M, Wessel N, Schirdewan A, et al. Scaling characteristics of heart rate time series before the onset of ventricular tachycardia. Ann Biomed Eng. 2007;35(2):201–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Burri H, Chevalier P, Arzi M, et al. Wavelet transform for analysis of heart rate variability preceding ventricular arrhythmias in patients with ischemic heart disease. Int J Cardiol. 2006;109(1):101–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Wessel N, Ziehmann C, Kurths J, et al. Short-term forecasting of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias based on symbolic dynamics and finite-time growth rates. Phys Rev E. 2000;61(1):733–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Meyerfeldt U, Wessel N, Schutt H, et al. Heart rate variability before the onset of ventricular tachycardia: differences between slow and fast arrhythmias. Int J Cardiol. 2002;84(2–3):141–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Nemec J, Hammill SC, Shen WK. Increase in heart rate precedes episodes of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: analysis of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia database. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1999;22(12):1729–38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Au-Yeung WM, Reinhall PG, Bardy GH, Brunton SL. Development and validation of warning system of ventricular tachyarrhythmia in patients with heart failure with heart rate variability data. PLoS One. 2018;13(11):e0207215.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Diem B, Stellbrink C, Michel M, et al. Temporary disturbances of the QT interval precede the onset of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with structural heart diseases. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2002;25(10):1413–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Armoundas AA, Albert CM, Cohen RJ, et al. Utility of implantable cardioverter defibrillator electrograms to estimate repolarization alternans preceding a tachyarrhythmic event. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2004;15(5):594–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Paz O, Zhou X, Gillberg J, et al. Detection of T-wave alternans using an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Heart Rhythm. 2006;3(7):791–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Dorian P, Newman D, Thibault B, et al. A randomized clinical trial of a standardized protocol for the prevention of inappropriate therapy using a dual chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Circulation. 1999;1:786. (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  101. Bansch D, Steffgen F, Gronefeld G, et al. The 1 + 1 trial: a prospective trial of a dual- versus a single-chamber implantable defibrillator in patients with slow ventricular tachycardias. Circulation. 2004;110(9):1022–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Alter P, Waldhans S, Plachta E, et al. Complications of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in 440 consecutive patients. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2005;28(9):926–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Daubert J, Zareba W, Cannom D, et al. Inappropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks in MADIT-II: frequency, mechanisms, predictors and survival impact. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:1357–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Healy E, Goyal S, Browning C, et al. Inappropriate ICD therapy due to proarrhythmic ICD shocks and hyperpolarization. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2004;27(3):415–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Vollmann D, Luthje L, Vonhof S, et al. Inappropriate therapy and fatal proarrhythmia by an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Heart Rhythm. 2005;2(3):307–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Schron EB, Exner DV, Yao Q, et al. Quality of life in the antiarrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators trial: impact of therapy and influence of adverse symptoms and defibrillator shocks. Circulation. 2002;105(5):589–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Sears SE Jr, Conti JB. Understanding implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks and storms: medical and psychosocial considerations for research and clinical care. Clin Cardiol. 2003;26(3):107–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Sears SF, Lewis TS, Kuhl EA, et al. Predictors of quality of life in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Psychosomatics. 2005;46(5):451–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Poole J, Johnson G, Callans D, et al. Analysis of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shock electrograms in the Sudden Cardiac Death Heart Failure trial. Heart Rhythm. 2004;1(Suppl):S178.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Klein RC, Raitt MH, Wilkoff BL, et al. Analysis of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Trial. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2003;14(9):940–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Gunderson BD, Gillberg J, Swerdlow C. Importance of oversensing in inappropriate detection of ventricular fibrillation by chronically implanted ICDs. Heart Rhythm. 2004;1:S244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Achtelik M, Bocchiardo M, Trappe HJ, et al. Performance of a new steroid-eluting coronary sinus lead designed for left ventricular pacing. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2000;23(11 Pt 2):1741–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Babuty D, Fauchier L, Cosnay P. Inappropriate shocks delivered by implantable cardiac defibrillators during oversensing of activity of diaphagmatic muscle. Heart. 1999;81(1):94–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  114. Doshi RN, Goodman J, Naik AM, et al. Initial experience with an active-fixation defibrillation electrode and the presence of nonphysiological sensing. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2001;24(12):1713–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Garg A, Wadhwa M, Brown K, et al. Inappropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator discharge from sensing of external alternating current leak. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2002;7(2):181–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Gurevitz O, Fogel RI, Herner ME, et al. Patients with an ICD can safely resume work in industrial facilities following simple screening for electromagnetic interference. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2003;26(8):1675–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Manolis AG, Katsivas AG, Vassilopoulos CV, et al. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator-an unusual case of inappropriate discharge during showering. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2000;4(1):265–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Peters RW, Cooklin M, Brockman R, et al. Inappropriate shocks from implanted cardioverter defibrillators caused by sensing of diaphragmatic myopotentials. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 1998;2(4):367–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Weretka S, Michaelsen J, Becker R, et al. Ventricular oversensing: a study of 101 patients implanted with dual chamber defibrillators and two different lead systems. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2003;26(1 Pt 1):65–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Swerdlow CD, Friedman PA. Advanced ICD troubleshooting: part II. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2006;29(1):70–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Brugada J, Mont L, Figueiredo M, et al. Enhanced detection criteria in implantable defibrillators. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 1998;9(3):261–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Swerdlow CD, Chen PS, Kass RM, et al. Discrimination of ventricular tachycardia from sinus tachycardia and atrial fibrillation in a tiered-therapy cardioverter-defibrillator. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23(6):1342–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Gold MR, Kim J, Bocek J, et al. Rhythm discrimination using a new electrogram (EGM) vector timing and correlation (VTC)algorithm. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2001;24:577.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Gronefeld GC, Schulte B, Hohnloser SH, et al. Morphology discrimination: a beat-to-beat algorithm for the discrimination of ventricular from supraventricular tachycardia by implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2001;24(10):1519–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Glikson M, Swerdlow CD, Gurevitz OT, et al. Optimal combination of discriminators for differentiating ventricular from supraventricular tachycardia by dual-chamber defibrillators. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2005;16(7):732–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Aliot E, Nitzsche R, Ripart A. Arrhythmia detection by dual-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillators. A review of current algorithms. Europace. 2004;6(4):273–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Swerdlow CD. Supraventricular tachycardia-ventricular tachycardia discrimination algorithms in implantable cardioverter defibrillators: state-of-the-art review. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2001;12(5):606–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Klein GJ, Gillberg JM, Tang A, et al. Improving SVT discrimination in single-chamber ICDs: a new electrogram morphology-based algorithm. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2006;17(12):1310–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Wilkoff BL, Kuhlkamp V, Volosin K, et al. Critical analysis of dual-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator arrhythmia detection: results and technical considerations. Circulation. 2001;103(3):381–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Boriani G, Biffi M, Dall’Acqua A, et al. Rhythm discrimination by rate branch and QRS morphology in dual chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2003;26(1 Pt 2):466–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Lee MA, Corbisiero R, Nabert DR, et al. Clinical results of an advanced SVT detection enhancement algorithm. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2005;28(10):1032–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Bailin SJ, Niebauer M, Tomassoni G, et al. Clinical investigation of a new dual-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator with improved rhythm discrimination capabilities. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2003;14(2):144–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Friedman PA, McClelland RL, Bamlet WR, et al. Dual-chamber versus single-chamber detection enhancements for implantable defibrillator rhythm diagnosis: the detect supraventricular tachycardia study. Circulation. 2006;113(25):2871–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Moss AJ, Schuger C, Beck CA, Brown MW, Cannom DS, Daubert JP, MADIT-RIT Trial Investigators, et al. Reduction in inappropriate therapy and mortality through ICD programming. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(24):2275–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Wilkoff BL, Stern R, Williamson B, et al. Design of the primary prevention parameters evaluation (PREPARE) trial of implantable cardioverter defibrillators to reduce patient morbidity [NCT00279279]. Trials. 2006;7:18.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  136. Arenal A, Proclemer A, Kloppe A, Lunati M, Martìnez Ferrer JB, Hersi A, et al. Different impact of long-detection interval and anti-tachycardia pacing in reducing unnecessary shocks: data from the ADVANCE III trial. Europace. 2016;18(11):1719–25.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  137. Auricchio A, Schloss EJ, Kurita T, Meijer A, Gerritse B, Zweibel S, et al. PainFree SST Investigators. Low inappropriate shock rates in patients with single- and dual/triple-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillators using a novel suite of detection algorithms: PainFree SST trial primary results. Heart Rhythm. 2015;12(5):926–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Ruiz-Granell R, Dovellini EV, Dompnier A, Khalighi K, García-Campo E, Olivier A, et al. Algorithm-based reduction of inappropriate defibrillator shock: results of the inappropriate shock reduction with PARAD+ rhythm DISCRIMINATION-implantable cardioverter defibrillator study. Heart Rhythm. 2019;16(9):1429–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Swerdlow CD, Schsls W, Dijkman B, et al. Detection of atrial fibrillation and flutter by a dual-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. For the Worldwide Jewel AF Investigators. Circulation. 2000;101(8):878–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Schoels W, Swerdlow CD, Jung W, et al. Worldwide clinical experience with a new dual-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator system. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2001;12(5):521–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Gold MR, Sulke N, Schwartzman DS, et al. Clinical experience with a dual-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator to treat atrial tachyarrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2001;12(11):1247–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Purerfellner H, Gillis AM, Holbrook R, et al. Accuracy of atrial tachyarrhythmia detection in implantable devices with arrhythmia therapies. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2004;27(7):983–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Sarkar S, Ritscher D, Merha R. A detector for a chronic implantable atrial tachyarrhythmia monitor. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2008;55(3):1219–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Puererfellner H, Pokushalov E, Sarkar S, et al. P-wave evidence as a method for improving algorithm to detect atrial fibrillation in insertable cardiac monitors. Heart Rhythm. 2014;11(9):1575–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  145. Deshmukh A, Brown ML, Higgins E, et al. Performance of atrial fibrillation detection in a new single-chamber ICD. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2016;39(10):1031–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Schwartzman D, Musley SK, Swerdlow C, et al. Early recurrence of atrial fibrillation after ambulatory shock conversion. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40(1):93–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Schwartzman D, Musley S, Koehler J, et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation duration on postcardioversion recurrence. Heart Rhythm. 2005;2(12):1324–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Swerdlow CD, Schwartzman D, Hoyt R, et al. Determinants of first-shock success for atrial implantable cardioverter defibrillators. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2002;13(4):347–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Schuchert A, Boriani G, Wollmann C, et al. Implantable dual-chamber defibrillator for the selective treatment of spontaneous atrial and ventricular arrhythmias: arrhythmia incidence and device performance. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2005;12(2):149–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Gillis AM, Koehler J, Morck M, et al. High atrial antitachycardia pacing therapy efficacy is associated with a reduction in atrial tachyarrhythmia burden in a subset of patients with sinus node dysfunction and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm. 2005;2(8):791–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  151. Israel CW, Ehrlich JR, Gronefeld G, et al. Prevalence, characteristics and clinical implications of regular atrial tachyarrhythmias in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from a study using a new implantable device. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38(2):355–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Boriani G, Tukkie R, Manolis AS, et al. Atrial antitachycardia pacing and managed ventricular pacing in bradycardia patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial tachyarrhythmias: the MINERVA randomized multicentre international trial. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(35):2352–62.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  153. Padeletti L, Puererfellner H, Mont L, et al. New-generation atrial antitachycardia pacing (Reactive ATP) is associated with reduced risk of persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation in patients with bradycardia: results from the MINERVA randomized multicentre international trial. Heart Rhythm. 2015;12(8):1717–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  154. Euler DE, Friedman PA. Atrial arrhythmia burden as an endpoint in clinical trials: is it the best surrogate? Lessons from a multicenter defibrillator trial. Card Electrophysiol Rev. 2003;7(4):355–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  155. Wolf PA, Mitchell JB, Baker CS, et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation on mortality, stroke, and medical costs. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158(3):229–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  156. Steinhaus DM, Cardinal DS, Mongeon L, et al. Internal defibrillation: pain perception of low energy shocks. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2002;25(7):1090–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Ujhelyi M, Hoyt RH, Burns K, et al. Nitrous oxide sedation reduces discomfort caused by atrial defibrillation shocks. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2004;27(4):485–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Boodhoo L, Mitchell A, Ujhelyi M, et al. Improving the acceptability of the atrial defibrillator: patient-activated cardioversion versus automatic night cardioversion with and without sedation (ADSAS 2). Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2004;27(7):910–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medtronic plc., Mounds View, MN, USA

    Jeff Gillberg, Troy Jackson & Paul Ziegler

Authors
  1. Jeff Gillberg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Troy Jackson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Paul Ziegler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Troy Jackson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA

    Igor R. Efimov

  2. National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Fu Siong Ng

  3. Philips EPD Solutions, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Jacob I. Laughner

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gillberg, J., Jackson, T., Ziegler, P. (2021). Lessons Learned from Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Recordings. In: Efimov, I.R., Ng, F.S., Laughner, J.I. (eds) Cardiac Bioelectric Therapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63355-4_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63355-4_19

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-63354-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-63355-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation