Abstract
Consider nearly any major ecological or social phenomenon:
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Human driven climate change
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Fisheries collapse on the Grand Banks of the Atlantic ocean
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Perpetuated financial inequalities
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Periods of drought or flood, for example driven by El Niño
All of these are inherently temporal phenomena: a thing was once one way, and now it is different.
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Notes
- 1.
The mathematical notation used throughout this book for vectors, matrices etc. is summarized in Appendix D.
- 2.
There has been significant recent work on causality, discussed briefly under further reading on page 62.
- 3.
The text can be found online at the Donella Meadows Institute; a link is available from the textbook reading questions page.
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Fieguth, P. (2021). Dynamic Systems. In: An Introduction to Complex Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63168-0_4
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