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Developing a Community Level Education Policy, 1971–Present

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Education and Solidarity in the European Union

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Abstract

The chapter continues the historical account of EU education policy from when the European Community began to hold a recognised competence in the area of education, notably following the “Janne Report” of 1973 that pinpointed the basic elements of an education policy at Community level. The chapter covers the two action programmes that followed, the Social Action Programme and the Education Action Programme, which helped to cement Community activities in the fields of education and training for the following decades. The chapter outlines the subsequent journey for education policy throughout the 1980s with the creation of the Erasmus Programme and new Education and Training Action Programmes, the 1990s with further restructuring and reforms in Teaching and Learning, the 2000s with a focus on lifelong learning and the Open Method of Communication, and the last decade, which has placed education high on the agenda to reinforce a knowledge economy in Europe.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Education in the European Community, Commission of the European Communities, doc. COM(74) 253 final/2, Brussels, 14 March 1974 (CES/1974-20.63.01, HAEU).

  2. 2.

    Action Programme in favour of migrant workers and their families, COM (74) 2250, 14 December 1974 (European Communities).

  3. 3.

    Education in the European Community, Commission of the European Communities, doc. COM(74) 253 final/2, Brussels, 14 March 1974 (CES/1974-20.63.01, HAEU).

  4. 4.

    Not within the European Community.

  5. 5.

    Action Programme in favour of migrant workers and their families, COM (74) 2250, 14 December 1974 (European Communities) Migrants of third countries have restricted rights and require work permits and visas from the host country, which are usually on the basis of secured employment.

  6. 6.

    OJ L257 (19 October1968) and L295 (7 December 1968).

  7. 7.

    Education in the European Community, Commission of the European Communities, doc. COM(74) 253 final/2, Brussels, 14 March 1974 (CES/1974-20.63.01, HAEU).

  8. 8.

    Action Programme in favour of migrant workers and their families, COM (74) 2250, 14 December 1974 (European Communities).

  9. 9.

    Action Programme in favour of migrant workers and their families, COM (74) 2250, 14 December 1974 (European Communities).

  10. 10.

    Opinion of the Section for Social Questions on the Education of the European Community, Economic and Social Committee, dossier 71/SOC, doc. CES367/75 fin pk, Brussels, 17 April 1975 (CES/1974-60.23.04, HAEU).

  11. 11.

    Education in the European Community, Commission of the European Communities, doc. COM(74) 253 final/2, Brussels, 14 March 1974 (CES/1974-20.63.01, HAEU).

  12. 12.

    Education in the European Community, Commission of the European Communities, doc. COM(74) 253 final/2, Brussels, 14 March 1974 (CES/1974-20.63.01, HAEU).

  13. 13.

    Ibid. (CES/1974-20.63.01, HAEU).

  14. 14.

    Ibid. (CES/1974-20.63.01, HAEU).

  15. 15.

    Opinion of the Section for Social Questions on the Education of the European Community, Economic and Social Committee, dossier 71/SOC, doc. CES367/75 fin pk, Brussels, 17 April 1975 (CES/1974-60.23.04, HAEU).

  16. 16.

    Ibid. (CES/1974-60.23.04, HAEU).

  17. 17.

    Ibid. (CES/1974-20.63.01, HAEU).

  18. 18.

    Ibid. (CES/1974-20.63.01, HAEU).

  19. 19.

    Janne, H. (1973). For a Community Policy on Education, Bulletin of the European Communities, Supplement 10/73.

  20. 20.

    Education in the European Community, Commission of the European Communities, doc. COM(74) 253 final/2, Brussels, 14 March 1974 (CES/1974-20.63.01, HAEU).

  21. 21.

    Opinion of the Section for Social Questions on the Education of the European Community, Economic and Social Committee, dossier 71/SOC, doc. CES367/75 fin pk, Brussels, 17 April 1975 (CES/1974-60.23.04, HAEU).

  22. 22.

    Janne, H. (1973). For a Community Policy on Education, Bulletin of the European Communities, Supplement 10/73.

  23. 23.

    Janne, H. (1973). For a Community Policy on Education, Bulletin of the European Communities, Supplement 10/73.

  24. 24.

    Janne, H. (1973). For a Community Policy on Education, Bulletin of the European Communities, Supplement 10/73.

  25. 25.

    Janne, H. (1973). For a Community Policy on Education, Bulletin of the European Communities, Supplement 10/73.

  26. 26.

    Opinion of the Section for Social Questions on the Education of the European Community, Economic and Social Committee, dossier 71/SOC, doc. CES367/75 fin pk, Brussels, 17 April 1975 (CES/1974-60.23.04, HAEU).

  27. 27.

    Ibid. (CES/1974-60.23.04, HAEU).

  28. 28.

    Resolution of the Ministers of Education, meeting within the Council, of 6 June 1974 on cooperation in the field of education, Official Journal of the European Communities, No. C 98/2, 20 August 1974.

  29. 29.

    Council Resolution of 21 January 1974 concerning a social action programme, Official Journal of the European Communities, No. C 13/1, 12 February 1974.

  30. 30.

    Council Resolution of 21 January 1974 concerning a Social Action Programme, Official Journal C 013, 12 February 1974, pp. 0001–0004.

  31. 31.

    Official Journal C 038, 19 February 1976, pp. 0001–0005.

  32. 32.

    Resolution of the Council and of the Ministers of Education, meeting within the Council of 9 February 1976 comprising an action programme in the field of education, Official Journal of the European Communities, No. C 38/1, 19 February 1976.

  33. 33.

    Judgment of the Court of 3 July 1974. Donato Casagrande v Landeshauptstadt München. Reference for a preliminary ruling: Verwaltungsgericht München - Germany. Case 9-74. European Court Reports 1974-00773.

  34. 34.

    Judgment of the Court of 13 February 1985. Françoise Gravier v City of Liège. Reference for a preliminary ruling: Tribunal de première instance de Liège - Belgium. Non-discrimination - Access to vocational training. Case 293/83. European Court Reports 1985-00593.

  35. 35.

    Judgment of the Court of 2 February 1988. Vincent Blaizot v University of Liège and others. Reference for a preliminary ruling: Tribunal de première instance de Liège - Belgium. Non-discrimination—Access to university education—Repayment of fees improperly charged. Case 24/86. European Court Reports 1988-00379.

  36. 36.

    Conclusions of the Council and of the education ministers meeting within the Council of 4 June 1984 on the teaching of languages in European Communities (2006).

  37. 37.

    Council Regulation (EEC) No 3906/89 of 18 December 1989 on economic aid to the Republic of Hungary and the Polish People’s Republic (OJ L 375, 23 December 1989).

  38. 38.

    Council decision of 16 June 1988 adopting an action programme for the promotion of youth exchanges in the Community—“Youth for Europe” (OJ 158, 25 June 1988).

  39. 39.

    Resolution of the Council and the Ministers of Education meeting within the Council of 24 May 1988—The European dimension in education (OJ C 177, 6 July 1988).

  40. 40.

    ET 2020 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM%3Aef0016. E&T website: https://ec.europa.eu/education/node_en.

  41. 41.

    European Council meeting (14 December 2017)—Conclusions.

  42. 42.

    (1) ECIU—pan-European University; (2) CIVIS—a European Civic University; (3) ARQUIS—longstanding comprehensive research universities; (4) CHARM-EU—promoting common European values in their diversity of the European tradition; (5) EPICUR—A Europe for the future: mobile students; (6) UNA Europa—creating a truly European inter-university environment; (7) EU-CONEXUS—a European University for Smart Urban Coastal Sustainability; (8) FORTHEM—multidisciplinary public research universities situated outside capital regions; (9) UNITE!—University Network for Innovation, Technology and Engineering; (10) EU4ART—devoted to fine arts; (11) YUFE—Young universities for the Future of Europe; (12) CIVICA—the European University of Social Sciences; (13) 4EUPLUS—public institutions embedded in their local territories and share European values; (14) EUTOPIA—challenge-led, student-centred, place-based inclusive alliance of entrepreneurial, change-focused universities; (15) SEA_EU—European Universities of the Seas; (16) EUGLOH—Global Health; (17) EDUC—European Digital Universities.

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  1. European University Institute, Florence, Italy

    Sarah K. St. John

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Correspondence to Sarah K. St. John .

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St. John, S.K. (2021). Developing a Community Level Education Policy, 1971–Present. In: Education and Solidarity in the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63042-3_4

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