Skip to main content

Working with Vulnerable Offenders

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Policing Practices and Vulnerable People

Abstract

At the front end of the policing process, contact with and detention of offenders is one of the most important tipping points in policing vulnerability. It is police action at this point that can do much to alleviate the vulnerability experienced by offenders. However, it is also the point at which police can exacerbate the offender’s individual vulnerability and create iatrogenic (or system-generated) vulnerability. The mismanagement of this important tipping point in the policing process is central to much of the recent protests against policing, especially as it relates to the use of force and officer-involved deaths of suspects and offenders. Policing history has highlighted how police actions disproportionately target vulnerable people, and the catastrophic consequences that could arise from taking action. In this chapter, we overview the research and practice in relation to working with vulnerable offenders, and consider the police caution and custody arrangements as critical tipping points where alternative policies and practice may alleviate vulnerability.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Readings and Resources

  • Humberside Police. (2018). Your guide to vulnerability: Advice for daily decision making. Retrieved February 25, 2020, from https://www.safernel.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Vulnerability-Booklet.pdf.

  • Public Health England. (2015). Health and justice health needs assessment guidance: Police custody (Part 3 of the health and justice health needs assessment toolkit for prescribed places of detention). London: Public Health England. Retrieved February 25, 2020, from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/774654/Police_custody_HNA__template_FINAL2015_.pdf.

  • Rogers, B., & Robinson, E. (2004). The benefits of community engagement: A review of the evidence. London: UK Home Office Communication Directorate on behalf of the Active Citizenship Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spinifex Gum (featuring Feliz Riebl & Marliya). (2017). Ms Dhu [song]. Hase Media. Retrieved February 25, 2020, from https://vimeo.com/198723333.

  • UK National Police Chiefs’ Council (NPCC). (2017). National strategy for police custody. London: NPCC

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations General Assembly. (1965). International convention on the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination. United Nations Treaty Series, 660.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations General Assembly. (1989). Convention on the rights of the child. United Nations Treaty Series, 1577.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations General Assembly. (2003). Optional protocol to the convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment, A/RES/57/199.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations General Assembly. (2007). Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities, A/RES/61/106.

    Google Scholar 

Bibliography

  • Allam, L., Wahlquist, C., Banister, J., & Herbert, M. (2020, August 28). Deaths inside. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/ng-interactive/2018/aug/28/deaths-inside-indigenous-australian-deaths-in-custody.

  • Anthony, T. (2016, April 13). Deaths in custody: 25 years after the royal commission, we’ve gone backwards. The Conversation. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/deaths-in-custody-25-years-after-the-royal-commission-weve-gone-backwards-57109.

  • Asquith, N. L. (2012). Vulnerability and the art of complaint making. In I. Bartkowiak-Théron & N. L. Asquith (Eds.), Policing vulnerability (pp. 147–164). Annandale, NSW: Federation Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asquith, N. L., Collison, A., Lewis, L., Noonan, K., Layard, E., Kaur, G., Bellei, F., & Yigiter, E. (2019). Home is where our story begins: CALD LGBTIQ+ people’s relationships to family. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 31(3), 311–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asquith, N.L., Collison, A., Noonan, K., Layard, E., Kaur, G. (2020). Home is where our story begins: Family, community, and belonging for sexuality & gender diverse CALD people. Sydney: NSW LGBTIQ Domestic & Family Violence Interagency, ACON, Western Sydney University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Association for the Prevention of Torture. (2013). Monitoring police custody—A practical guide. Geneva: APT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Australian Government. (1991). Report on the Royal Commission into Black Deaths in Custody. Canberra: Parliament of Australia

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldry, E., Clarence, M., Dowse, L., & Trollor, J. (2013). Reducing vulnerability to harm in adults with cognitive disabilities in the Australian criminal justice system. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 10(3), 222–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumgartner, F. R., Epp, D. A., & Shoub, K. (2018). Suspect citizens: What 20 million traffic stops tell us about policing and race. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Blagg, H., & Valuri, G. (2004). Aboriginal community patrols in Australia: Self-policing, self-determination and security. Policing and Society, 14(4), 313–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bosick, S. J., Rennison, C. M., Gover, A. R., & Dodge, M. (2012). Reporting violence to the police: Predictors through the life course. Journal of Criminal Justice, 40(6), 441–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braga, A. A. (2010). The police, disorder, and the homeless. Criminology & Public Policy, 9(4), 807–811.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braithwaite, J. (2010). Diagnostics of white-collar crime prevention. Criminology & Public Policy, 9(3), 621–626.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, M. A. (2016). The costs of white-collar crime. In S. R. van Slyke, M. L. Benson, & F. T. Cullen (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of white-collar crime (pp. 78–98). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • College of Policing. (2016). Authorised professional practice: Mental health. London: College of Policing. Retrieved February 25, 2020, from https://www.app.college.police.uk/mental-health-index-2/.

  • Crowther, C. (2004). Over-policing and under-policing social exclusion. In R. Hopkins Burke (Ed.), Hard cop, soft cop (pp. 54–68). London: Willan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, I. (2007). Boats against the current: Vulnerable adults in police custody. Journal of Adult Protection, 9(1), 15–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunneen, C. (2001). Conflict, politics and crime: Aboriginal communities and the police. St Leonards, NSW: Allen and Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunneen, C., & Porter, A. (2017). Indigenous peoples and criminal justice in Australia. In A. Deckert & R. Sarre (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of Australian and New Zealand criminology, crime and justice (pp. 667–682). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cunneen, C., & Tauri, J. (2019). Violence and indigenous communities. In W. DeKeseredy, C. Rennison, & A. Hall-Sanchez (Eds.), The Routledge international handbook of violence studies (pp. 350–361). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dehaghani, R. (2016). He’s just not that vulnerable: Exploring the implementation of the appropriate adult safeguard in police custody. The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice, 55(4), 396–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dench, G., Gavron, K., & Young, M. (2006). The new east end: Kinship, race and conflict. London: Profile Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwyer, A. (2014). ‘We’re not like these weird feather boa-covered AIDS-spreading monsters’: How LGBT young people and service providers think riskiness informs LGBT youth-police interactions. Critical Criminology, 22(1), 65–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fogliani, R. V. C. (2016). Record of investigation into death (Julieka Ivanna Dhu). Perth: Western Australian Government.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frumkin, B., & Sellbom, M. (2013). Miranda rights comprehension instruments: A critical review. Assessment, 20(5), 545–554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gannoni, A., & Bricknell, S. (2019). Indigenous deaths in custody: 25 years since the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody. Australian Institute of Criminology Statistical Bulletin, 17, 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottschalk, P., Filstad, C., Glomseth, R., & Solli-Sæther, H. (2011). Information management for investigation and prevention of white-collar crime. International Journal of Information Management, 31(3), 226–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grisso, T. (1998). Instruments for Assessing understanding and appreciation of Miranda rights. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC). (2015). The welfare of vulnerable people in police custody. London: HMIC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, M., Bain, S. A., Gilchrist, E., & Boyle, J. (2013). Does providing a written version of the police caution improve comprehension? Psychology. Crime and Law, 19(7), 549–564.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Humberside Police. (2018). Your guide to vulnerability: Advice for daily decision making. Retrieved February 25, 2020, from https://www.safernel.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Vulnerability-Booklet.pdf.

  • Huntley, J. M. (2012). Acquired brain injury and vulnerability to the criminal justice system. In I. Bartkowiak-Théron & N. L. Asquith (Eds.), Policing vulnerability (pp. 165–180). Annandale, NSW: Federation Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Independent Custody Visiting Association. (2020). Our purpose. Retrieved February 25, 2020, from https://icva.org.uk/purpose/.

  • Jones, D. J., Bucerius, S. M., & Haggerty, K. D. (2019). Voices of remanded women in Western Canada: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Community Safety and Well-being, 4(3), 44–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, J. (2014). Reparation through reading: A collaborative approach to adult and family literacy in Western Australian prisons. Paper presented at International Federation of Library Associations World Library and Information Congress, Lyon, France, 16–22 August.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lauger, T. R. (2014). Violent stories: Personal narratives, street socialization, and the negotiation of street culture among street-oriented youth. Criminal Justice Review, 39(2), 182–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Law Enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Act. (2002). New South Wales, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • London Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) (2015). Vulnerability and protection of adults at risk policy. London: MPS.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAra, L., & McVie, S. (2005). The usual suspects? Street life, young people and the police. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 5(1), 5–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCarty, W. (2010). Trailers and trouble? An examination of crime in mobile home communities. Cityscape, 12(2), 127–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNamara, R. H., Crawford, C., & Burns, R. (2013). Policing the homeless: Policy, practice, and perceptions. Policing: An International Journal, 36(2), 357–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mill, A., Mayes, R., & McConnell, D. (2010). Negotiating autonomy within the family: The experiences of young adults with intellectual disabilities. Learning Disabilities, 38(3), 194–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minkes, J. (2010). Silent or invisible? Governments and corporate financial crimes. Criminology & Public Policy, 9(3), 467–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miranda v Arizona, 384 US 436. (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100(4), 674–701.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Police Chiefs’ Council (NPCC). (2017). National strategy for police custody. London: NPCC.

    Google Scholar 

  • New South Wales (NSW) Police Force. (2011a). Caution and summary of Part 9 of LEPRA 2002. Sydney: NSW Police Force.

    Google Scholar 

  • New South Wales (NSW) Police Force. (2012a). Code of practice for CRIME (Custody, Rights, Investigation, Management and Evidence). Sydney: NSW Police Force.

    Google Scholar 

  • New South Wales (NSW) Police Force. (2012b). Safe custody: Working together to build a safer community. Sydney: NSW Police Force.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oberlander, L. B., & Goldstein, N. E. (2001). A review and update on the practice of evaluating Miranda comprehension. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 19(4), 453–471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owusu-Bempah, A. (2016). Race and policing in historical context: Dehumanization and the policing of Black people in the 21st century. Theoretical Criminology, 21(1), 23–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perry, B. (2006). Nobody trusts them! Under- and over-policing Native American communities. Critical Criminology, 14, 411–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piquero, A. R. (2010). Policy essay on ‘policing the homeless…’. Criminology & Public Policy, 9(4), 841–849.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Police Scotland. (2019). Care and welfare of persons in police custody: Standard operating procedures. Edinburgh: Police Scotland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, A. (2016). Decolonizing policing: Indigenous patrols, counter-policing and safety. Theoretical Criminology, 20(4), 548–565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Public Health England. (2015). Health and justice health needs assessment guidance: Police custody (Part 3 of the health and justice health needs assessment toolkit for prescribed places of detention). London: Public Health England. Retrieved February 25, 2020, from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/774654/Police_custody_HNA__template_FINAL2015_.pdf.

  • Ratcliffe, J. H. (2016). Intelligence-led policing. London and New York: Routledge Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, R., Harrison, K. S., Hazelwood, L. L., & Sewell, K. W. (2007). Knowing and Intelligent: A study of Miranda warnings in mentally disordered defendants. Law and Human Behavior, 31(4), 401–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rost, G. C., & McGregor, K. K. (2012). Miranda Rights comprehension in young adults with specific language impairment. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 21(2), 101–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scherr, K. C., & Madon, S. (2012). You have the right to understand: The deleterious effect of stress on suspects’ ability to comprehend Miranda. Law and Human Behavior, 36(4), 275–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slater, J. (2013). Research with dis/abled Youth: Taking a critical disability, ‘critically young’ positionality. In T. Curran & K. Runswick-Cole (Eds.), Disabled children’s childhood studies (pp. 180–195). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Snook, B., Luther, K., Eastwood, J., Collins, R., & Evans, S. (2016). Advancing legal literacy: The effect of listenability on the comprehension of interrogation rights. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 21(1), 174–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • US Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration. (2014). The growth of incarceration in the United States: Exploring causes and consequences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Victoria Police. (2020). Police custody officers. Retrieved February 25, 2020, from https://www.police.vic.gov.au/pco.

  • Westley, W. A. (1953). Violence and the police. American Journal of Sociology, 59(1), 34–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, R. (2013). Crime against nature: Environmental criminology and ecological justice. London & New York: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, K., & McGlen, I. (2012). Mental health emergencies: Using a structured assessment framework. Nursing Standard, 27(7), 48–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zakrison, T. L., Hamel, P. A., & Hwang, S. W. (2004). Homeless people’s trust and interactions with police and paramedics. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 81(4), 596–605.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zufferey, C., & Chung, D. (2015). ‘Red dust homelessness’: Housing, home and homelessness in remote Australia. Journal of Rural Studies, 41(Oct), 13–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nicole L. Asquith .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Asquith, N.L., Bartkowiak-Théron, I. (2021). Working with Vulnerable Offenders. In: Policing Practices and Vulnerable People. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62870-3_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62870-3_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-62869-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-62870-3

  • eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics