Skip to main content

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) and Integrated Reporting

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Global Challenges to CSR and Sustainable Development

Part of the book series: CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance ((CSEG))

  • 1011 Accesses

Abstract

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and sustainable development address the relationship between business and society. In the 1980s, the Brundtland Report by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED, Our common future (Burdtland Report). Retrieved from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf, 1987) coined the term sustainable development and its principle of sustainability for economic prosperity. These were reinforced by the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the blueprint for a more sustainable future. In parallel, CSR has received increased attention in practice and in theory, and has been defined by the European Commission as “the responsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society” (A renewed European Union Strategy 2011–2014 for Corporate Social Responsibility, 2011, p. 6). Calls for CSR have been framed through a mix of voluntary and law mandated corporate actions which have led to conflicting results. In a twenty-first century bedevilled by challenges and macro systems’ disruptions (e.g. social institutions, natural resources and technologies), environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors represent risks and opportunities that are strategically relevant and increasingly inform how businesses are run and investment decisions made. To reach their full potential, ESG need to be measured, included in managerial and investment decision-making and accounted for in integrated reporting.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Armstrong, R. (2020). The dubious appeal of ESG investing is for dupes only. Financial Times. 23 August. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com

  • Avetisyan, E., & Hockerts, K. (2017). The consolidation within the ESG rating industry as an enactment of institutional retrogression. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26, 316–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bansal, P. (2019). Sustainable development in an age of disruption. Academy of Management Discoveries, 5, 8–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bansal, P., Gao, J., & Qureshi, I. (2014). The extensiveness of corporate social and environmental commitment across firms over time. Organization Studies, 35, 949–966.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brest, P., Gilson, R. J., & Wolfson, M. A. (2018). How investors can (and can’t) create social value. ECGI Working Paper Series in Law. Working Paper N. 394. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com

  • Campbell, D., & Slack, R. (2011). Environmental disclosure and environmental risk: Sceptical attitudes of UK sell-side bank analysts. The British Accounting Review, 43, 54–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, B., Ioannou, I., & Serafeim, G. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and access to finance. Strategic Management Journal, 35, 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, M. M., Green, W. J., & Chi Wa Ko, J. (2015). The impact of strategic relevance and assurance of sustainability indicators on investors’ decisions. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 34, 131–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chossudovsky, M. (1997). Economic reforms and social unrest in developing countries. Economic & Political Weekly, 32, 1786–1788.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornell, B. (2020). The ESG concept has been overhyped and oversold. Financial Times, 16 July. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content/719e6253-4d07-402a-9f36-d461671657a1?desktop=true&segmentId=d8d3e364-5197-20eb-17cf-2437841d178a#myft:notification:instant-email:content

  • Deegan, C., & Rankin, M. (1997). The materiality of environmental information to users of annual reports. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 10, 562–583.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dhaliwal, D. S., Li, O. Z., Tsang, A., & Yang, G. Y. (2011). Voluntary disclosure and the cost of equity capital: The initiation of corporate social responsibility reporting. The Accounting Review, 86, 59–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dinesen, C. (2020). Absent management in banking: How banks fail and cause financial crisis. London: Palgrave MacMillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dumay, J., Bernardi, C., Guthrie, J., & Demartini, P. (2016). Integrated reporting: A structured literature review. Accounting Forum, 40, 166–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edelmann. (2020). Edelman trust barometer. 19 January. Retrieved from https://www.edelman.com/trustbarometer

  • Edgecliff-Johnson, A., & Thomas, D. (2020). Companies axe dividends in global push for cash. Financial Times. 23 March. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content/e9102d80-6d2c-11ea-89df-41bea055720b

  • Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business. Oxford: Capstone Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Espahbodi, L., Espahbodi, R., Juma, N., & Westbrook, A. (2019). Sustainability priorities, corporate strategy and investor behavior. Journal of Financial Economics, 37, 149–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2011). A renewed European Union Strategy 2011–2014 for Corporate Social Responsibility, 681, 3.1. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/com/com_com(2011)0681_/com_com%282011%290681_en.pdf

  • European Union (EU). (2014). Directive 2014/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 amending Directive 2013/34/EU as regards disclosure of non-financial and diversity information by certain large undertakings and groups. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/company-reporting-and-auditing/company-reporting/non-financial-reporting_en

  • European Union (EU). (2017). Guidelines on non-financial reporting (methodology for reporting non-financial information). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/non-financial-reporting-guidelines_en

  • Financial Times. (2019a). Patisserie Valerie offers a bitter financial lesson. 23 January. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content/6a8bacc0-1f0b-11e9-b126-46fc3ad87c65

  • Financial Times. (2019b). Ethical investment needs more transparency. 11 June. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content/e75917a0-86ef-11e9-a028-86cea8523dc2

  • Financial Times. (2020). Walmart’s sustainability chief: ‘You can’t separate environmental, social and economic success. 17 July. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content

  • Fuks, A. (1984). Social conflict in ancient Greece. Jerusalem: The Magnes Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glozer, S., & Morsing, M. (2020). Helpful hypocrisy? Investigating ‘double-talk’ and irony in CSR marketing communications. Journal of Business Research, 114, 363–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goyer, M., & Jung, D. K. (2011). Diversity of institutional investors and foreign blockholdings in France: The evolution of an institutionally hybrid economy. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 19, 562–584.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, B., & Ariss, S. S. (1985). Politics and strategic change across organizational life cycles. Academy of Management Review, 10, 707–723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, R. (2006). Social, environmental and sustainability reporting and organisational value creation? Whose value? Whose creation? Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 19, 793–819.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grewal, J., Riedl, E. J., & Serafeim, G. (2019). Market reaction to mandatory nonfinancial disclosure. Management Science, 65, 3061–3084.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, D. (2013). ESG investing in Graham & Doddsville. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 25, 20–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haskel, J., & Westlake, S. (2018). Capitalism without capital: The rise of the intangible economy. Woodstock: Princeton University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hollensbe, E., Wookey, C., Hickey, L., George, G., & Nichols, C. (2014). Organizations with purpose. Academy of Management Journal, 57, 1227–1234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoskins, W. G. (1964). Harvest fluctuations and English economic history, 1480–1619. The Agricultural History Review, 12, 28–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, G., Bartosh, J., Avetisyan, E., Kinderman, D., & Knudsen, J. S. (2020). Mandatory non-financial disclosure and its influence on CSR: An international comparison. Journal of Business Ethics, 162, 323–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joe, J. R., Louis, H., & Robinson, D. (2009). Managers’ and investors’ responses to media exposure of board ineffectiveness. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 44, 579–605.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kemp, R., Rotmans, J., & Loorbach, D. (2007). Assessing the Dutch energy transition policy: How does it deal with dilemmas of managing transitions? Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 9, 315–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, M., Serafeim, G., & Yoon, A. (2016). Corporate sustainability: First evidence on materiality. The Accounting Review, 91, 1697–1724.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiernan, M. J. (2007). Universal owners and ESG: Leaving money on the table? Corporate Governance: An International Review, 15, 478–485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klasa, A. (2018). Sustainable finance: Integrated reporting offers a fix for ‘insufficient’ status quo. Financial Times. 5 December. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content

  • Korner, A. (2019). Hong Kong protests have united people of all ages. Financial Times. 6 September. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content

  • Li, Y. (2017). A semiotic theory of institutionalization. Academy of Management Review, 42, 520–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, B., & McConnell, J. (2013). The role of the media in corporate governance: Do the media influence managers’ capital allocation decisions? Journal of Financial Economics, 110, 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, C. (2016). Reinventing the corporation. Journal of the British Academy, 4, 53–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, C. (2017). Who is responsible for irresponsible business? An assessment. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 33, 1–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, C., Wright, M., & Phan, P. (2017). Management research and the future of the corporation: A new agenda. Academy of Management Perspectives, 31, 179–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montagnon, P. (2019). Patisserie Valerie offers a bitter financial lesson. Financial Times. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content

  • Mooney, A. (2020). Calpers, Schroders call for mandatory inclusion of climate risks in accounts. Financial Times, 15 August. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com

  • Nauman, B. (2020). ESG pressure on dividend payout to continue after crisis. Financial Times. 1 June. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content/da8b6f40-8afa-11ea-a109-483c62d17528

  • Neri, S. (2019). Director engagement with corporate purpose: The contribution and potential of institutional investor stewardship. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The British University in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neri, S. (2020a). Corporate purpose. In S. Idowu, R. Schmidpeter, N. Capaldi, L. Zu, M. Del Baldo, & R. Abreu (Eds.), Encyclopedia of sustainable management. Cham: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neri, S. (2020b). Director engagement with corporate purpose: The contribution and potential of institutional investors. Academy of Management Proceedings. Retrieved from https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/AMBPP.2020.14538abstract

  • Neri, S., Pinnington, A. H., Lahrech, A., & Al-Malkawi, H.-A. (2019). Top executives’ perceptions of the inclusion of corporate social responsibility in quality management. Business Ethics: A European Review, 28, 441–458. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12235. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02006-4_1077-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2011a). OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. Retrieved from https://www.oecdwatch.org/oecd-ncps/the-oecd-guidelines-for-mnes/

  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2011b). The role of institutional investors in promoting good corporate governance. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/daf/ca/49081553.pdf

  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2015). G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. Paris: OECD Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2018). OECD due diligence guidance for responsible business conduct. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/investment/due-diligence-guidance-for-responsible-business-conduct.htm

  • Powell, J. (2020). Coronavirus is the acid test of ESG. 7 April. Retrieved from https://ftalphaville.ft.com/2020/04/02/1585807115000/Coronavirus-as-the-ESG-acid-test/

  • Reghunandan, A., & Rajgopal, S. (2020). Do the socially responsible walk the talk? SSRN. 24 May. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3609056

  • Semenova, N., & Hassel, L. G. (2019). Private engagement by Nordic institutional investors on environmental, social, and governance risks in global companies. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 27, 144–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shafer, W., & Lucianetti, L. (2018). Machiavellianism, stakeholder orientation, and support for sustainability reporting. Business Ethics: A European Review, 27, 271–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singhapakdi, A., Vitell, S. J., Rallapalli, K. C., & Kraft, K. L. (1996). The perceived role of ethics and social responsibility: A scale development. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 1131–1140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skouloudis, A., Avlonitis, G. J., Malesios, C., & Evangelinos, K. (2015). Priorities and perceptions of corporate social responsibility: Insights from the perspective of Greek business professionals. Management Decision, 53, 375–401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solvang, T. E. (2018). Sustainable finance: Danske Bank’s shows need for bigger accounting picture. Financial Times. 5 December. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content

  • Starbuck, W. H. (2005). Four great conflicts of the twenty-first century. In C. L. Cooper (Ed.), Management and leadership in the 21st century (pp. 21–56). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Starbuck, W. H. (2014). Why corporate governance deserves serious and creative thought. Academy of Management Perspectives, 28, 15–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Temple-West, P. (2019). US Congress rejects European-style ESG reporting standards. Financial Times. 12 July. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content

  • The Economist. (2019a). Business and the effects of global warming. 21 February. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/business/2019/02/21/business-and-the-effects-of-global-warming

  • The Economist. (2019b). Climate change and the threat to companies. 21 February. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/leaders/2019/02/21/climate-change-and-the-threat-to-companies

  • United Nations (UN). (2020). Global Compact. See who is involved. Retrieved from https://www.unglobalcompact.org/participation

  • Van Duuren, E., Platinga, A., & Scholtens, B. (2016). ESG integration and the investment management process: Fundamental investing reinvented. Journal of Business Ethics, 138, 525–533.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vashchenko, M. (2017). An external perspective on CSR: What matters and what does not? Business Ethics: A European Review, 26, 396–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasuveda, G., Nachum, L., & Say, G. (2018). A signalling theory of institutional activism: How Norway’s sovereign wealth fund investments affect firms’ foreign acquisitions. Academy of Management Journal, 61, 1583–1611.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vitell, S. J., & Paolillo, J. G. (2004). A cross-cultural study of the antecedents of the perceived role of ethics and social responsibility. Business Ethics: A European Review, 13, 185–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z., Li, F., & Sun, Q. (2018). Confucian ethics, moral foundations, and shareholder value perspectives: An exploratory study. Business Ethics: A European Review, 27, 260–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Economic Forum. (2019). Davos Manifesto 2020: The universal purpose of a company in the fourth industrial revolution. 2 December. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/12/davos-manifesto-2020-the-universal-purpose-of-a-company-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/

  • Zucker, L. G. (1977). The role of institutionalization in cultural persistence. American Sociological Review, 42, 726–743.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Selina Neri .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Neri, S. (2021). Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) and Integrated Reporting. In: Vertigans, S., Idowu, S.O. (eds) Global Challenges to CSR and Sustainable Development. CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62501-6_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics