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Velomobility

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Cycling to Work

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Abstract

How do we study the practice of cycling? How can we interpret the varying propensity to cycle exhibited by individuals, between territories and over time? Several authors have emphasised the importance of a global approach to studying mobility habits.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The terms “electric bike” or “e-bike” are more common but are imprecise, as the electric assistance is only delivered when the user pedals and provides an effort themselves.

  2. 2.

    See www.velosuisse.ch.

  3. 3.

    Two types of electrically assisted bicycles are distinguished in Swiss legislation. First, electrically assisted bicycles, where the assistance stops at 25 km/h. These are considered light mopeds, a category akin to traditional bicycles. Second, electrically assisted bicycles, where the assistance goes up to 45 km/h. Included in the category of mopeds, they require a licence plate and a driving licence (for two-wheelers with a light engine), as well as the wearing of a helmet. In Switzerland, more than 80% of electrically assisted bicycles sold are limited to 25 km/h.

  4. 4.

    We sometimes speak of velonomy to mean autonomy in the maintenance and repair of a bicycle.

  5. 5.

    The term does not refer to individuals, unlike the British initiative of the same name, which promotes training programmes.

  6. 6.

    The impact of such measures may, however, be limited according to other constraints or shortcomings in the cycling culture [60, 62, 80].

  7. 7.

    The former are indicated by road markings; the latter are specific routes that exclude road traffic.

  8. 8.

    An ASL is a buffer zone between the traffic light and the line at which motor vehicles stop, which allows cyclists to be visible, gives them more time to pull out and reduces the amount of exhaust fumes they breathe in.

  9. 9.

    More than 50 bike stations were operational in railway stations in Switzerland in 2020 (www.velostation.ch).

  10. 10.

    The combination of cycling and public transport is very common in the Netherlands: among rail users, 40% cycle to the station and 10% use a bicycle after getting off the train [37], 180).

  11. 11.

    The proportion of female cyclists is considered to be an indicator of the quality of the infrastructure. In countries and cities where the modal share of bicycles is high, the proportion of women is also high. Conversely, when cycling is not widespread, the share of women is low [29].

  12. 12.

    The percentages put forward in the case of Portland vary according to context.

  13. 13.

    30 km/h zones are usually in residential areas, and priority is to the right. In a meeting zone, the speed is lowered to 20 km/h and pedestrians have right of way.

  14. 14.

    Streets with one-way traffic for motor vehicles and two-way traffic for bicycles.

  15. 15.

    Transformation of red lights for cyclists by giving way to them at certain crossroads. This measure, which is in force in several countries, has been tested conclusively in Basel and will be incorporated into the Swiss Federal Road Traffic Act.

  16. 16.

    These indicate permeability for bicycle traffic and pave the way for practical and sometimes unknown routes. For example, in the Swiss city of Lausanne, a quarter of the 172 listed dead-ends are permeable to bicycles.

  17. 17.

    In their study of seniors, Jones et al. [43] identify, for example, three cycling trajectories: resilient (continuation of the practice), restorative (resumption after a short or long break during their working life) and diminutive (progressive abandonment).

  18. 18.

    Ajzen’s theory states that three elements determine intentions and behaviours: attitude towards the behaviour (e.g. positive or negative evaluation), subjective norms (linked to social pressure), and perceived behavioural control (difficulty and feasibility of alternative behaviours) (Al Chalabi, 2013).

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Rérat, P. (2021). Velomobility. In: Cycling to Work. SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62256-5_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62256-5_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-62255-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-62256-5

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

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