Skip to main content

The PhD Revolution: World-Entangled and Hopeful Futures

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The PhD at the End of the World

Part of the book series: Debating Higher Education: Philosophical Perspectives ((DHEP,volume 4))

  • 443 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter provides an alternative conceptualization, and narrative, of the current state and aim of researcher education and the PhD. In a time where much scholarship highlights concerns about cohesion, relevance, and quality of the PhD, I aim to foreground an alternative PhD-narrative found in emerging research strands. I show that in the PhD, today, (1) we are witnessing new forms of doctoral student and supervisor agency within institutional contexts, (2) new sightings of how much social support beyond the institutional context influences on research momentum and creativity, and (3) new scope and magnitude of the importance and influence of research on biocultural and biopolitical negotiations. In contrast to the commonly held idea that the PhD foundation is eroding, I argue that we are witnessing a powerful PhD-revolution from within researcher environments, spreading like a pulse through social and professional domains, and reaching crescendo in societal and cultural contexts. Such institutional hope is crucial if the PhD should itself be filled with hope and find the courage to engage with climate issues and other global challenges. To be able to lift the researcher horizon towards global challenges requires courage and creativity within its institutional rooting and curricular nerve systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Even though the literature I draw from is international, when I use the term “Graduate School” I have in mind the EU-based system, which relates to the Bologna process. Graduate Schools, and the notion of the PhD, in Europe, the United States, Australia, and other parts of the world differ in scope, focus, and goal (Andres et al. 2015), and my default understanding relates, due to my own national and institutional contexts, to the European model.

References

  • Acker, S., & Haque, E. (2017). Left out in the academic field: Doctoral graduates deal with a decade of disappearing jobs. Canadian Journal of Higher Education Revue canadienne d’enseignement supérieur, 47(3), 101–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andres, L., Bengtsen, S., Crossouard, B., Gallego, L., Keefer, J., & Pyhältö, K. (2015). Drivers and interpretations of doctoral education today: National comparisons. Frontline Learning Research, 3(2), 63–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arndt, S., & Mika, C. (2018). Dissident thought. A decolonising framework for revolt in the university. In S. Bengtsen & R. Barnett (Eds.), The thinking university. A philosophical examination of thought and higher education (pp. 47–60). Cham: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arvanitakis, J., & Hornsby, D. J. (2016). Universities, the citizen-scholar and the future of higher education. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Barnacle, R. (2018). Research education and care. The care-full PhD. In S. Bengtsen & R. Barnett (Eds.), The thinking university. A philosophical examination of thought and higher education (pp. 77–86). Cham: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnacle, R., Cuthbert, D., & Schmidt, C. (2019). HASS PhD graduate careers and knowledge transfer: A conduit for enduring, multi-sector networks. Arts and Humanities in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474022219870976.

  • Barnett, R. (2018). The ecological university. A feasible utopia. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, R., & Bengtsen, S. (2017). Universities and epistemology: From a dissolution of knowledge to the emergence of a new thinking. Education in Science, 7(38). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci7010038.

  • Barnett, R., & Bengtsen, S. (2019). Knowledge and the university. Re-claiming life. London/New York: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bengtsen, S. (2017). An exploration of darkness within doctoral education. Creative learning approaches of doctoral students. In C. Zhou (Ed.), Handbook of research on creative problem-solving skill development in higher education (pp. 260–282). Hershey: IGI Global.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bengtsen, S. (2020). Building doctoral ecologies and ecological curricula. Sprawling spaces for learning in researcher education. In R. Barnett & N. Jackson (Eds.), Ecologies for learning and practice. Emerging ideas, sightings, and possibilities (pp. 146–159). London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bengtsen, S., & Barnett, R. (2019). Higher education and alien ecologies: Exploring the dark ontology of the university. In R. E. Gildersleeve & K. Kleinhesselink (Eds.), Special issue on the Anthropocene in the study of higher education, Philosophy and Theory in Higher Education (pp. 17–40) 1(1), New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, B. & Guccione, K. (2018). Was it worth it? A qualitative exploration into graduate perceptions of doctoral value, Higher Education Research & Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2018.1479378.

  • Burford, J. (2018). The trouble with doctoral aspiration now. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2017.1422287.

  • Cai, L., Dangeni, Elliot, D. L., He, R., Liu, J., Makara, K. A., Pacheco, E.-M., Shih, H.-Y., Wang, W., & Zhang, J. (2019). A conceptual enquiry into communities of practice as praxis in international doctoral education. Journal of Praxis in Higher Education, 1(1), 11–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cassuto, L. (2015). The graduate school mess. What caused it and how can we fix it. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, A., Hubball, H., & Webb, A. (2016). Developing institutional leadership for the scholarship of graduate student supervision: Lessons learned in a Canadian research-intensive university. In P. Blessinger & D. Stockley (Eds.), Emerging directions in doctoral education (pp. 281–300). Bingley: Emerald.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cornér, S., Pyhältö, K., Peltonen, J., & Bengtsen, S. (2018). Similar or different?: Researcher community and supervisory support experiences among Danish and Finnish social sciences and humanities PhD students. Studies in Graduate and Postdoctoral Education. https://doi.org/10.1108/SGPE-D-18-00003.

  • de Sousa Santos, B. (2016). Epistemologies of the South: Justice against Epistemicide. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliot, D. L., Baumfield, V., Reid, K., & Makara, K. A. (2016). Hidden treasure: Successful international doctoral students who found and harnessed the hidden curriculum. Oxford Review of Education, 42(6), 733–748.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliot, D. L., Bengtsen, S., Guccione, K., & Kobayashi, S. (2020). The hidden curriculum in doctoral education. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Esposito, R. (2008). Bios. Biopolitics and Philosophy. Translated by T. Campbell. University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frick, L. & Brodin, E.M. (2019). A return to Wonderland: Exploring the links between academic identity development and creativity during doctoral education, Innovations in Education and Teaching International. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2019.1617183.

  • Gildersleeve, R. E. (2016). The neoliberal academy of the Anthropocene and the retaliation of the lazy academic. Cultural Studies: Critical Methodologies, 17(3), 286–293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gildersleeve, R. E., & Kleinhesselink, K. (2019). Introduction: The Anthropocene as context and concept for the study of higher education. In R. E. Gildersleeve & K. Kleinhesselink (Eds.), Special issue on the Anthropocene in the study of higher education. Philosophy and Theory in Higher Education (pp. 1–15). New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golde, C. M. (2007). Signature pedagogies in doctoral education: Are they adaptable for the preparation of education researchers? Educational Researcher. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X07308301.

  • Goldman, C. A., & Massy, W. F. (2001). The PhD factory. Training and employment of science and engineering PhDs in the United States. Bolton: Anker Pub..

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerin, C. (2019). Stories of moving on HASS PhD graduates’ motivations and career trajectories inside and beyond academia. Arts and Humanities in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474022219834448.

  • Halse, C. (2011). ‘Becoming a supervisor’: The impact of doctoral supervision on supervisor’s learning. Studies in Higher Education, 36(5), 557–570.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halse, C., & Malfroy, J. (2010). Retheorizing doctoral supervision as professional work. Studies in Higher Education, 35(1), 79–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hopwood, N., Alexander, P., Harris-Huemmert, S., McAlpine, L., & Wagstaff, S. (2011). The hidden realities of life as a doctoral student. In V. Kumar & A. Lee (Eds.), Doctoral education in international context: Connecting local, regional and global perspectives (pp. 213–233). Serdang: UniversitiPutra Malaysia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jazvac-Martek, M., Chen, S., & McAlpine, L. (2011). Tracking the doctoral student experience over time: Cultivating agency in diverse spaces. In McAlpine & Amundsen (Eds.), Doctoral education: Researched-based strategies for doctoral students, supervisors and administrators. Dordrecht: Springer Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, F. (2017). The idea of the PhD: The doctorate in the 21st century imagination. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lysgaard, J. A., Bengtsson, S., & Laugesen, M. H.-L. (2019). Dark pedagogy. Education, horror, and the Anthropocene. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Macfarlane, B. (2007). The academic citizen. The virtue of service in university life. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAlpine, L., & Norton, J. (2006). Reframing our approach to doctoral programs: A learning perspective. Higher Education Research and Development, 25(1), 3–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manathunga, C. (2005). The development of research supervision: “Turning the light on a private space”. International Journal for Academic Development, 10(1), 17–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manathunga, C. (2014). Intercultural postgraduate supervision: Reimagining time, place and knowledge. London/New York: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Manathunga, C. (2019). ‘Timescapes’ in doctoral education: The politics of temporal equity in higher education. Higher Education Research and Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2019.1629880.

  • Mantai, L. (2019). A source of sanity: The role of social support for doctoral candidates’ belonging and becoming. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 14, 367–382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McAlpine, L., & Amundsen, C. (2016). Post-PhD career trajectories. Intentions, decision-making and life aspirations. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McAlpine, L., & Amundsen, C. (2018). Identity-trajectories of early career researcher. Unpacking the post-PhD experience. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McAlpine, L., & McKinnon, M. (2013). Supervision – The most variable of variables: Student perspectives. Studies in Continuing Education, 35(3), 265–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • McArthur, J. (2018). When thought gets left alone: Thinking, recognition, and social justice. In S. Bengtsen & R. Barnett (Eds.), The thinking university. A philosophical examination of thought and higher education (pp. 155–166). Cham: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullen, C. A., & Tuten, E. M. (2010). Doctoral cohort mentoring. Interdependence, collaborative learning, and cultural change. Scholar-Practitioner Quarterly, 4(1), 11–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nixon, J. (2008). Towards the virtuous university. The moral bases of academic practice. London/New York: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Nørgård, R. T., & Bengtsen, S. (2016). Academic citizenship beyond the campus: A call for the placeful university. Higher Education Research and Development, 35(1), 4–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nørgård, R. T., & Bengtsen, S. (2018). The Worldhood University. Design signatures and guild thinking. In S. Bengtsen & R. Barnett (Eds.), The thinking university. A philosophical examination of thought and higher education (pp. 167–184). Cham: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, M., & Brew, A. (2002). Research training and supervision development. Studies in Higher Education, 27(2), 135–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Readings, B. (1997). The university in ruins. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair, J., Barnacle, R., & Cuthbert, D. (2014). How the doctorate contributes to the formation of active researchers: What the research tells us. Studies in Higher Education, 39(10), 1972–1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waghid, Y., & Davids, N. (2018). Towards and African university of critique. In S. Bengtsen & R. Barnett (Eds.), The thinking university. A philosophical examination of thought and higher education (pp. 61–73). Cham: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, G. E., Golde, C. M., Jones, L., Bueschel, A. C., & Hutchings, P. (2008). The formation of scholars. Rethinking doctoral education for the twenty-first century. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wisker, G. & Bengtsen, S. (2019). Towards Gothic-influenced approaches to doctoral journeys and supervision: Challenging conformity, destruction and despair, releasing and shaping creative energies. Conference paper presented at the SRHE Conference, Newport Wales, December, 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wisker, G., & Robinson, G. (2012). Picking up the pieces: Supervisors and doctoral “orphans”. International Journal for Researcher Development, 3(2), 139–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wisker, G., & Robinson, G. (2016). Supervisor wellbeing and identity: Challenges and strategies. International Journal for Researcher Development, 7(2), 123–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wisker, G., Robinson, G., & Bengtsen, S. (2017). Penumbra: Doctoral support as drama: From the ‘lightside’ to the ‘darkside.’ From front of house to trapdoors and recesses. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 54(6), 527–538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, S. (2016). Universities in a knowledge economy or ecology? Policy, contestation and abjection. Critical Policy Studies, 10(1), 59–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Søren S. E. Bengtsen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Bengtsen, S.S.E. (2021). The PhD Revolution: World-Entangled and Hopeful Futures. In: Barnacle, R., Cuthbert, D. (eds) The PhD at the End of the World. Debating Higher Education: Philosophical Perspectives, vol 4. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62219-0_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62219-0_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-62218-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-62219-0

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics