Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ultrasonographic Imaging in Periodontology

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Ultrasonography in Dentomaxillofacial Diagnostics

  • 531 Accesses

Abstract

Soft tissue lesions were used to be diagnosed with only clinical examination in periodontology for a long time. As conventional 2D radiographs could not demonstrate soft tissues like gingiva, a new imaging technique was needed. Ultrasonography (US) can be used to determine the thickness, vascularization, and borders of soft tissues.

In periodontology, it is possible to examine and evaluate periodontal pocket, periodontal attachment loss, alveolar bone loss, gingival thickness, gingival vascularization, alveolar crest morphology, soft tissues around implants, and gingival pathologies with US.

US is a cost-effective, practical, real-time, and ionizing radiation-free imaging technique which is superior in soft tissue examination.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Newman MGT, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Newman and Carranza's clinical periodontology. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ainamo J, Loe H. Anatomical characteristics of gingiva. A clinical and microscopic study of the free and attached gingiva. J Periodontol. 1966;37(1):5–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. McKee MD, Zalzal S, Nanci A. Extracellular matrix in tooth cementum and mantle dentin: localization of osteopontin and other noncollagenous proteins, plasma proteins, and glycoconjugates by electron microscopy. Anat Rec. 1996;245(2):293–312.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Beertsen W, McCulloch CA, Sodek J. The periodontal ligament: a unique, multifunctional connective tissue. Periodontol 2000. 1997;13:20–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Wehrbein H, Fuhrmann RA, Diedrich PR. Human histologic tissue response after long-term orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1995;107(4):360–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Becks H. Root resorptions and their relation to pathologic bone formation. Int J Orthod Oral Surg. 1936;22:445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Caton JG, Armitage G, Berglundh T, et al. A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions - introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification. J Periodontol. 2018;89(Suppl 1):S1–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Nunn ME. Understanding the etiology of periodontitis: an overview of periodontal risk factors. Periodontol 2000. 2003;32:11–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Pilloni A, Rojas MA. Furcation involvement classification: a comprehensive review and a new system proposal. Dent J (Basel). 2018;6(3):34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Glickman I. Bifurcation involvement in periodontal disease. J Am Dent Assoc. 1950;40(5):528–38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Carranza FA Jr, Jolkovsky DL. Current status of periodontal therapy for furcation involvements. Dent Clin N Am. 1991;35(3):555–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Herrera D, Roldan S, Sanz M. The periodontal abscess: a review. J Clin Periodontol. 2000;27(6):377–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Smith RG, Davies RM. Acute lateral periodontal abscesses. Br Dent J. 1986;161(5):176–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Goldman HM, Cohen DW. The Infrabony pocket: classification and treatment. J Periodontol. 1958;29(4):272–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Reynolds MA, Aichelmann-Reidy ME, Branch-Mays GL. Regeneration of periodontal tissue: bone replacement grafts. Dent Clin N Am. 2010;54(1):55–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Nielsen IM, Glavind L, Karring T. Interproximal periodontal intrabony defects. Prevalence, localization and etiological factors. J Clin Periodontol. 1980;7(3):187–98.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Papapanou PN, Tonetti MS. Diagnosis and epidemiology of periodontal osseous lesions. Periodontol 2000. 2000;22:8–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Larato DC. Intrabony defects in the dry human skull. J Periodontol. 1970;41(9):496–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Corbet EF, Ho DK, Lai SM. Radiographs in periodontal disease diagnosis and management. Aust Dent J. 2009;54(Suppl 1):S27–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Jeffcoat MK. Current concepts in periodontal disease testing. J Am Dent Assoc. 1994;125(8):1071–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhang W, Rajani S, Wang BY. Comparison of periodontal evaluation by cone-beam computed tomography, and clinical and intraoral radiographic examinations. Oral Radiol. 2018;34(3):208–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kim YK, Park JY, Kim SG, Kim JS, Kim JD. Magnification rate of digital panoramic radiographs and its effectiveness for pre-operative assessment of dental implants. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2011;40(2):76–83.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Vandenberghe B, Jacobs R, Yang J. Detection of periodontal bone loss using digital intraoral and cone beam computed tomography images: an in vitro assessment of bony and/or infrabony defects. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2008;37(5):252–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Guo YJ, Ge ZP, Ma RH, Hou JX, Li G. A six-site method for the evaluation of periodontal bone loss in cone-beam CT images. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2016;45(1):20150265.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kundra P, Mishra SK, Ramesh A. Ultrasound of the airway. Indian J Anaesth. 2011;55(5):456–62.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Tsiolis FI, Needleman IG, Griffiths GS. Periodontal ultrasonography. J Clin Periodontol. 2003;30(10):849–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Natori T, Koga M, Anegawa E, et al. Usefulness of intra-oral ultrasonography to predict neck metastasis in patients with tongue carcinoma. Oral Dis. 2008;14(7):591–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Jeffcoat MK, Wang IC, Reddy MS. Radiographic diagnosis in periodontics. Periodontol 2000. 1995;7:54–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Rama Mohan K, Koteswara Rao N, Leela Krishna G, Santosh Kumar V, Ranganath N, Vijaya Lakshmi U. Role of ultrasonography in oral and maxillofacial surgery: a review of literature. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2015;14(2):162–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Highfield J. Diagnosis and classification of periodontal disease. Aust Dent J. 2009;54(Suppl 1):S11–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Greenberg J, Laster L, Listgarten MA. Transgingival probing as a potential estimator of alveolar bone level. J Periodontol. 1976;47(9):514–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Ursell MJ. Relationships between alveolar bone levels measured at surgery, estimated by transgingival probing and clinical attachment level measurements. J Clin Periodontol. 1989;16(2):81–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Spranger H. Ultra-sonic diagnosis of marginal periodontal diseases. Int Dent J. 1971;21(4):442–55.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Palou ME, McQuade MJ, Rossmann JA. The use of ultrasound for the determination of periodontal bone morphology. J Periodontol. 1987;58(4):262–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Lost C, Irion KM, Nussle W. Determination of the facial/oral alveolar crest using RF-echograms. An in vitro study on the periodontium of pigs. J Clin Periodontol. 1989;16(8):539–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Lost C, Irion KM, Nussle W. Ultrasonic B-scans of the facial/oral periodontium in pigs. J Clin Periodontol. 1989;16(8):534–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Lost C, Irion KM, Nussle W. Periodontal ultrasonic diagnosis: experiments on thin bony platelets and on a simulated periodontal ligament space. J Periodontal Res. 1988;23(6):347–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Chifor R, Badea AF, Chifor I, Mitrea DA, Crisan M, Badea ME. Periodontal evaluation using a non-invasive imaging method (ultrasonography). Med Pharm Rep. 2019;92(Suppl 3):S20–32.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Zucchelli G, Tavelli L, McGuire MK, et al. Autogenous soft tissue grafting for periodontal and peri-implant plastic surgical reconstruction. J Periodontol. 2020;91(1):9–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Eger T, Muller HP, Heinecke A. Ultrasonic determination of gingival thickness. Subject variation and influence of tooth type and clinical features. J Clin Periodontol. 1996;23(9):839–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Muller HP, Eger T, Schorb A. Gingival dimensions after root coverage with free connective tissue grafts. J Clin Periodontol. 1998;25(5):424–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Muller HP, Stahl M, Eger T. Root coverage employing an envelope technique or guided tissue regeneration with a bioabsorbable membrane. J Periodontol. 1999;70(7):743–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Muller HP, Schaller N, Eger T, Heinecke A. Thickness of masticatory mucosa. J Clin Periodontol. 2000;27(6):431–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Muller HP, Stahl M, Eger T. Dynamics of mucosal dimensions after root coverage with a bioresorbable membrane. J Clin Periodontol. 2000;27(1):1–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Chambrone L, Tatakis DN. Long-term outcomes of untreated buccal gingival recessions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontol. 2016;87(7):796–808.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Sculean A, Gruber R, Bosshardt DD. Soft tissue wound healing around teeth and dental implants. J Clin Periodontol. 2014;41(Suppl 15):S6–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Tattan M, Sinjab K, Lee E, et al. Ultrasonography for chairside evaluation of periodontal structures: a pilot study. J Periodontol. 2020;91(7):890–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Serino G, Turri A, Lang NP. Probing at implants with peri-implantitis and its relation to clinical peri-implant bone loss. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2013;24(1):91–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Chan HL, Kripfgans OD. Ultrasonography for diagnosis of peri-implant diseases and conditions: a detailed scanning protocol and case demonstration. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2020;49(7):20190445.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Fu JH, Lee A, Wang HL. Influence of tissue biotype on implant esthetics. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2011;26(3):499–508.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Jeffcoat MK, Reddy MS. A comparison of probing and radiographic methods for detection of periodontal disease progression. Curr Opin Dent. 1991;1(1):45–51.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Hunasgi S, Koneru A, Vanishree M, Manvikar V. Assessment of reactive gingival lesions of oral cavity: a histopathological study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2017;21(1):180.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

    Kaan Orhan

  2. Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, Cyprus

    Revan Birke Koca

Authors
  1. Kaan Orhan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Revan Birke Koca
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of DentoMaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara, Turkey

    Kaan Orhan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Orhan, K., Koca, R.B. (2021). Ultrasonographic Imaging in Periodontology. In: Orhan, K. (eds) Ultrasonography in Dentomaxillofacial Diagnostics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62179-7_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62179-7_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-62178-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-62179-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation