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Human Population Genomics pp 123–158Cite as

Identity by Descent in the Mapping of Genetic Traits

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Abstract

This chapter shows how the descent of genome from an ancestor to currently observed descendants results in identity by descent (IBD) in current individuals and hence similarities in their DNA at genetic marker loci. Conversely, data on the marker genotypes of individuals provides inferences of shared descent of genome in current individuals, not just genome-wide but in specific genome regions. Regions where shared genome accords with phenotypic similarities for a trait provide evidence of causal DNA at some location in the region. The chapter considers both data observed on defined pedigree structures, and data on population members whose pedigree relationships may be remote and are unknown. We take a model-based approach, deriving probabilities of IBD and likelihoods of mapping parameters, given observed genetic data. We first consider probabilities of gene IBD among individuals and across a chromosome, using either a known pedigree or a population-based model. We then consider probabilities of genotypic and phenotypic data on individuals, conditional on latent IBD. Thence IBD may be inferred from marker genotypes, combining information from multiple SNP markers. Finally, we show how location-specific realizations of IBD can be used to address questions of gene mapping. By focusing on IBD, we unify pedigree and population-based approaches.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Elizabeth A. Thompson

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  1. Elizabeth A. Thompson
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Correspondence to Elizabeth A. Thompson .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Kirk E. Lohmueller

  2. Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Rasmus Nielsen

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Thompson, E.A. (2021). Identity by Descent in the Mapping of Genetic Traits. In: Lohmueller, K.E., Nielsen, R. (eds) Human Population Genomics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61646-5_6

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