Abstract
Open Government Data (OGD) is being published by various public administration organizations around the globe. Within the metadata of OGD data catalogs, the publishing organizations (1) are not uniquely and unambiguously identifiable and, even worse, (2) change over time, by public administration units being merged or restructured. In order to enable fine-grained analyzes or searches on Open Government Data on the level of publishing organizations, linking those from OGD portals to publicly available knowledge graphs (KGs) such as Wikidata and DBpedia seems like an obvious solution. Still, as we show in this position paper, organization linking faces significant challenges, both in terms of available (portal) metadata and KGs in terms of data quality and completeness. We herein specifically highlight five main challenges, namely regarding (1) temporal changes in organizations and in the portal metadata, (2) lack of a base ontology for describing organizational structures and changes in public knowledge graphs, (3) metadata and KG data quality, (4) multilinguality, and (5) disambiguating public sector organizations. Based on available OGD portal metadata from the Open Data Portal Watch, we provide an in-depth analysis of these issues, make suggestions for concrete starting points on how to tackle them along with a call to the community to jointly work on these open challenges.
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Notes
- 1.
URL prefixes such as dbo:, dbp:, wdt:, or schema: can be referenced in prefix.cc.
- 2.
German writing of the English word “parliament”.
- 3.
As https://data.gv.at/ is the Austrian national data portal, the label “Parlament” refers to the Austrian parliament.
- 4.
cf. for instance http://opendatamonitor.eu or
- 5.
- 6.
- 7.
- 8.
The ODPW metadata already maps different schemata uniformly to DCAT, cf. [17].
- 9.
- 10.
- 11.
dbr:London_Fire_and_Emergency_Planning_Authority.
- 12.
dbr:London_Fire_and_Civil_Defence_Authority.
- 13.
A SPARQL query for dbp:governingBody resulted in \(\sim 6,000\) usages with only 930 distinct objects over all of DBpedia.
- 14.
- 15.
Note that to a certain extend, up-to-date metadata is available e.g. through the ODPW data base that was also used for our analysis: https://data.wu.ac.at/portalwatch/data.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Vincent Emonet, Paola Espinoza-Arias, and Bilal Koteich who contributed preliminary analyses regarding the challenges addressed in this paper. We also thank the organizers of the International Semantic Web Summer school (ISWS) 2019: the idea for this paper origins in discussions at the school.
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Portisch, J., Fallatah, O., Neumaier, S., Jaradeh, M.Y., Polleres, A. (2020). Challenges of Linking Organizational Information in Open Government Data to Knowledge Graphs. In: Keet, C.M., Dumontier, M. (eds) Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management. EKAW 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12387. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61244-3_19
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