Abstract
Scaffolding and concept-metaphors have emerged as key terms within alternative approaches to the epistemological analysis of archaeological practice. Each term contains definitional ambiguities, including distinctly broad and narrow definitions in the case of scaffolding. I argue that the broad application of the scaffolding metaphor, most closely associated with the work of Alison Wylie, allows one to understand concept-metaphors as a specific category of scaffolding. At the same time, the broad application of the scaffolding metaphor provides a dynamic and flexible way of organizing the epistemological analysis of archaeological practice because it is acting as a concept-metaphor.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Walsh (2019) provides an elegant analysis of this process in relation to Newton’s experiments on the periodicity of light, while Janssen (2019) describes the history of the development of relativity and quantum theory through the metaphor of arches built on scaffolds of earlier theories that were then wholly or partially discarded.
References
Allen H (2015) The past in the present? archaeological narratives and aboriginal history. In: McGrath A, Jebb M (eds) Long history, deep time: deepening histories of place. Australian National University Press and Aboriginal History Inc., Canberra, pp 171–202
Bal M (2002) Travelling concepts in the humanities: a rough guide. University of Toronto Press, Toronto
Binford L (1973) Interassemblage variability-the Mousterian and the ‘functional’ argument. In: Renfrew C (ed) The explanation of culture change: models in prehistory. Duckworth, London, pp 227–254
Binford L, Binford S (1966) A preliminary analysis of functional variability in the Mousterian of the Levallois facies. Am Anthropol 68:238–295
Bordes F (1953) Essaie de classification des industries ‘moustériennes’. Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française 50:457–466
Bordes F, de Sonneville-Bordes D (1970) The significance of variability in Paleolithic assemblages. World Archaeol 2(1):61–73
Caporael L, Griesemer J, Wimsatt W (eds) (2014) Developing scaffolds in evolution, culture and cognition. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Chang H (2004) Inventing temperature: measurement and scientific progress. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Chapman R, Wylie A (2016) Evidential reasoning in archaeology. Bloomsbury Academic, London
Childe VG (1935) Changing methods and aims in prehistory. Proc Prehist Soc 1:1–15
Childe VG (1944) Archaeological ages as technological stages. J R Anthropol Inst G B Irel 74(1/2):7–24
Childe VG (1946) Archaeology and anthropology. Southwest J Anthropol 2(3):243–251
Childe VG (1953) Review of Danske Oldsager, III. Ældre Bronzealder. By HC Broholm. Antiquaries J 33(1/2):86–88
Childe VG (1956) Piecing together the past: the interpretation of archaeological data. Routledge and Keegan Paul, London
Childe VG (2004 [1947]) Archaeology as a social science. In: Patterson T, Orser C (eds) Foundations of social archaeology: selected writings of V.Gordon Childe. Berg, Oxford
Clark A (1997) Being there: putting brain, body, and world together again. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Clark A (1998) Magic words: how language augments human computation. In: Carruthers P, Boucher J (eds) Language and thought: interdisciplinary themes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 162–183
Coward F (2016) Scaling up: material culture as scaffold for the social brain. Quat Int 405:78–90
Currie A (2015) Marsupial lions and methodological omnivory: function, success and reconstruction in paleobiology. Biol Philos 30:187–209
Currie A (2017) Review of evidential reasoning in archaeology. Philos Sci 84:782–790
Currie A (2018) Rock, bone and ruin: an optimist’s guide to the historical sciences. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Currie A (2019) Simplicity, one-shot hypotheses and paleobiological explanation. Hist Philos Life Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-019-0247-0
Currie A, Sterelny K (2017) In defence of story-telling. Stud Hist Philos Sci 62:14–21
Deleuze G, Guattari F (1987) A thousand plateaus (trans: Massumi B). University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis
Hamilakis Y (2017) Sensorial assemblages: affect, memory and temporality in assemblage thinking. Camb Archaeol J 27(1):169–182
Hamilakis Y, Jones A (2017) Archaeology and assemblage. Camb Archaeol J 27(1):77–84
Hodder I (2011) Entangled: an archaeology of the relationships between humans and things. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford
Huggett J (2017) The apparatus of digital archaeology. Internet Archaeol. https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.44.7
Janssen M (2019) Arches and scaffolds: bridging continuity and discontinuity in theory change. In: Love A, Wimsatt W (eds) Beyond the meme: development and structure in cultural evolution. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp 95–199
Knappett C (2005) Thinking through material culture: an interdisciplinary perspective. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia
Kokkov K (2019) Warrants, middle-range theories, and inferential scaffolding in archaeological interpretation. Perspect Sci 27(2):171–186
Larvor B (2018) Why ‘scaffolding’ is the wrong metaphor: the cognitive usefulness of mathematical representations. Synthese. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-018-02039-y
Llobera M (2012) Life on a pixel: challenges in the development of digital methods within an ‘interpretive’ landscape archaeology framework. J Archaeol Method Theory 19:495–509
Lucas G (2012) Understanding the archaeological record. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Lucas G (2017a) Review of Robert Chapman and Alison Wylie, evidential reasoning in archaeology. Eur J Archaeol 20(4):740–744
Lucas G (2017b) Variations on a theme: assemblage archaeology. Camb Archaeol J 27(1):187–190
Lucas G (2019) Writing the past: knowledge and literary production in archaeology. Routledge, London/New York
Malfouris L (2013) How things shape the mind: a theory of material engagement. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Monteiro E, Østerlie T, Parmiggiani E, Mikalsen M (2018) Quantifying quality: towards a post-humanist perspective on sensemaking. In: Schultze U, Aanestad M, Mähring M, Østerlund C, Riemer K (eds) Living with monsters? Social implications of algorithmic phenomena, hybrid agency, and the performativity of technology, IFIP advances in information and communication technology, vol 543. Springer, Cham, pp 48–63
Moore H (2004) Global anxieties: concept-metaphors and pre-theoretical commitments in anthropology. Anthropol Theory 4(1):71–88
Norton J (2003) A material theory of induction. Philos Sci 70:647–670
Norton J (2014) A material dissolution of the problem of induction. Synthese 191:671–690
Philips J (2006) Agencement/assemblage. Theory, Cult, Soc 23(2/3):108–109
Rowley-Conwy P (2007) From genesis to prehistory: the archaeological three age system and its contested reception in Denmark, Britain, and Ireland. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Sterelny K (2010) Minds: extended or scaffolded? Phenomenol Cognit Sci 9:465–481
Sterelny K (2012) The evolved apprentice: how evolution made humans unique. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Stone CA (1998) The metaphor of scaffolding: its utility for the field of learning disabilities. J Learn Disabil 31(4):344–364
Tamborini M (2020) Technoscientific approaches to deep time. Stud Hist Phil Sci 79:57–67
Thomas J (1993) Discourse, totalization and ‘the Neolithic’. In: Tilley C (ed) Interpretative archaeology. Berg, Oxford, pp 357–394
Toulmin S (1958) The uses of argument. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Vygotsky L (1978) Mind in society: the development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
Walsh K (2019) Newton’s scaffolding: the instrumental roles of his optical hypotheses. In: Vanzo A, Anstey P (eds) Experiment, speculation and religion in early modern philosophy, Routledge studies in seventeenth-century philosophy. Routledge, London/New York, pp 125–157
Wimsatt W (2007) Re-engineering philosophy for limited beings: piecewise approximations to reality. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
Wimsatt W (2014) Entrenchment and scaffolding: an architecture for a theory of cultural change. In: Caporael L, Griesemer J, Wimsatt W (eds) Developing scaffolds in evolution, culture and cognition. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 77–105
Wimsatt W (2019) Articulating babel: a conceptual geography for cultural evolution. In: Love A, Wimsatt W (eds) Beyond the meme: development and structure in cultural evolution. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp 1–41
Wimsatt W, Griesemer J (2007) Reproducing entrenchments to scaffold culture: the central role of development in cultural evolution. In: Sansom R, Brandon R (eds) Integrating evolution and development: integrating theory and practice. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 227–323
Wood D, Bruner JS, Ross G (1976) The role of tutoring in problem solving. J Child Psychiat Psychol 17:89–100
Wylie A (1989) Archaeological cables and tacking: the implications of practice for Bernstein’s ‘options beyond objectivism and relativism’. Philos Soc Sci 19:1–18
Wylie A (2002) Thinking from things: essays in the philosophy of archaeology. University of California Press, Berkeley
Wylie A (2017a) How archaeological evidence bites back: strategies for putting old data to work in new ways. Sci, Technol Human Values 42(2):203–225
Wylie A (2017b) Representational and experimental modeling in archaeology. In: Magnani L, Bertolotti T (eds) Springer handbook of model-based science. Springer, Cham, pp 989–1002
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank participants in the University of Exeter’s Zoom workshop “Archaeology Works” for their helpful comments on this paper, especially Adrian Currie, Alison Wylie, and Assaf Nativ.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Routledge, B. (2021). Scaffolding and Concept-Metaphors: Building Archaeological Knowledge in Practice. In: Killin, A., Allen-Hermanson, S. (eds) Explorations in Archaeology and Philosophy. Synthese Library, vol 433. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61052-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61052-4_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-61051-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-61052-4
eBook Packages: Religion and PhilosophyPhilosophy and Religion (R0)