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Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering and Implant Development

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Nanotechnology in Medicine

Abstract

In the early 1990s, tissue engineering has emerged to overcome the drawbacks of organ transplantation, such as donor shortage and demand for immunosuppressive therapy (Caddeo et al. 2017). The concept of tissue engineering involves three important elements: biomaterial scaffold, living cell/tissue, and growth factors/bioreactor (Tran et al. 2018). Regardless of the type of tissues to be engineered, an ideal scaffold should be biocompatible and biodegradable, to allow the cells to synthesize their extracellular matrix (ECM), eventually replace the implanted scaffold (O’Brien 2011). Besides, optimum mechanical strength of scaffold is also needed to facilitate tissue regeneration (Alvarez and Nakajima 2009). Other than scaffold tissue engineering, biomedical implants are also extensively studied as another major area of biomaterials. The implants are typically used to replace or support the damaged or lost tissues. In contrast with the tissue engineering scaffold, the implants could stay in the living system permanently (Li and Mai 2016). The examples of implants are artificial joints and dental implants, as hard tissue replacement (Li et al. 2017).

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Correspondence to Pushpamalar Janarthanan .

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Tan, HL., Dahlan, N.A., Janarthanan, P. (2021). Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering and Implant Development. In: Arivarasan, V.K., Loganathan, K., Janarthanan, P. (eds) Nanotechnology in Medicine. Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61021-0_13

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