Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to set the context, in order to appraise concepts dealing with sites of memory and the origins of this book project alongside approaches and methodologies of authors from various academic traditions. Overall the objective is to review narratives—past, present and future—of spaces of memory, memorialization and social-constructions from geographical and interdisciplinary perspectives using the 1914–18 World War One (WWI) centennials as an anchor, to give insights into its continuing unfolding legacies, and especially current geographies and geopolitics of emotions in Europe and elsewhere in an age of insecurities and globalization. The aim is not to write academic histories of WWI here, but rather to explore narratives of places of memory in their contemporary landscapes and geopolitical contexts embedded in wider geographical and socio-political discourses.
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Notes
- 1.
See YouTube:
People’s Century Part 02 1914 Killing Fields. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jnT_3m01vQQ.
The Great War. https://www.youtube.com/user/TheGreatWar.
Books: Paul Fussell. 1975 The Great War and Modern Memory. Oxford University Press.
The best books on World War I recommended by Jonathan Boff. https://fivebooks.com/best-books/world-war-i-jonathan-boff/.
The 17 Best Books on World War I of 2019. https://www.thoughtco.com/top-books-the-first-world-war-1222120.
- 2.
See: 1941–18 Online—International Encyclopedia of the First World War. Memory of the War: Popular Memory 1918–45, 1945–Present. By Susanne Brandt. 24 May 2017. https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/memory_of_the_war_popular_memory_1918-1945_1945_to_the_present.
- 3.
Australia War Memorial.
https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/atwar/first-world-war.
ABC News. Tim Lee. 24 Apr 2010 Set in stone: ‘A nation of small town memorials’.
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-04-24/set-in-stone-a-nation-of-small-town-memorials/408832.
- 4.
New Zealand History. First World War Memorials.
https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/interpreting-first-world-war-memorials##targetText=New %20Zealand’s%20First%20World%20War,Great%20War%2C%201914%20%2D%201918.
- 5.
See: 1941–18 Online—International Encyclopedia of the First World War. Aaron Cohen. Commemoration, Cult of the Fallen. 8 Oct. 2014.
https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/commemoration_cult_of_the_fallen_russian_empire.
- 6.
See: YouTube—People’s Century. BBC/WGBH. God Fights Back. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoNC6iQa-Xs.
- 7.
O’Reilly (2019).
- 8.
See—YouTube:
Jay Winter—The legacy of World War I today.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2AvwDGDbRg.
Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning (Guest Lecture by Jay Winters).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NpH5I6EA1t0.
Jay Winter—The revolution in violence in World War I.
- 9.
See YouTube: The role of Muslims in WW1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8ljeXPdusk
See YouTube: WWI Through Arab Eyes | The New Middle East | Episode Three.
- 10.
See: Life and Nothing But (1989) film, directed by Bertrand Tavernier.
- 11.
See—YouTube:
Jay Winter—The legacy of World War I today.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2AvwDGDbRg.
Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning (Guest Lecture by Jay Winters).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NpH5I6EA1t0.
Jay Winter—The revolution in violence in World War I.
- 12.
See: Susannah Radstone and Bill Schwarz. 2010 Memory: Histories, Theories, Debates. Fordham University Press. In this volume, see especially Jay Winter, Chapter 21. Sites of Memory. pp. 312–324. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1c999bq.25?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
See: O’Reilly. G. 2019. Aligning Geopolitics, Humanitarian Action and Geography in Times of Conflict. Springer. Chapter 9.
- 13.
International Coalition of Sites of Conscience. January 31, 2018. INTERPRETATION OF SITES OF MEMORY. Study commissioned by the World Heritage Centre of UNESCO and funded by the Permanent Delegation of the Republic of Korea. file:///C:/Users/oreillyg/Downloads/activity-933-3%20(1).pdf.
- 14.
See: EUROGEO (European Association of Geographers) Conference, Paris, March 2019. http://www.eurogeography.eu/conference-2019/.
See: EUGEO—CIG (Association of Geographical Societies in Europe—Conference of Irish Geographer—Geographical Association of Ireland) Conference, Galway, May 2019. GSI: http://www.geographicalsocietyireland.ie/eugeo2019.html or EUGEO: https://www.eugeo2019.eu/.
- 15.
Wall Street Journal. 100 Years Legacies. The Lasting Impact of WWI. The Wall Street Journal has selected 100 legacies from World War I that continue to shape our lives today. Newsreels. By Selina Williams. October 31, 2018. https://graphics.wsj.com/100-legacies-from-world-war-1/newsreels.
- 16.
Nora, P. 1984–1992. Les Lieux de Mémoire. Three Volumes. Pierre Nora and Lawrence D. Kritzman (Ed), translated by Arthur Goldhammer 1997. Realms of Memory: Rethinking the French past. Columbia: Columbia University Press.
“Sites of Memory,” University of Toronto Library online, https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/citd/holtorf/2.6.html.
- 17.
See: UN SDGs—Knowledge Platform. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org.
See: SDGs Online: https://sustainablebrands.com/read/leadership/new-online-library-teaching-facility-aiming-to-engage-students-researchers-on-the-sdgs.
- 18.
Hisham Aidi. August 06, 2018 China’s Economic Statecraft in Africa. Policy Centre for the New South. https://www.policycenter.ma/publications/china%E2%80%99s-economic-statecraft-africa.
- 19.
Reuters. Andrea Shalal, Heather Timmons. Oct. 19, 2019. Fallout from Trump’s trade wars felt by economies around the world. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-imf-worldbank-trade/fallout-from-trumps-trade-wars-felt-by-economies-around-the-world-idUSKBN1WY0PZ.
Michael Pettis. Oct. 19 2019. Why Trade Wars Are Inevitable. rump’s trade wars aren’t just about him or China—but global economic imbalances that the next U.S. administration will still have to address. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/19/trade-wars-inevitable-us-china-economic-imbalances/.
- 20.
See: The Counter Extremism Project. It is a non-profit NGO that combats extremist groups “by pressuring financial support networks, countering the narrative of extremists and their online recruitment, and advocating for strong laws, policies and regulations. https://www.counterextremism.com/.
- 21.
See: 1941–18 Online—International Encyclopedia of the First World War. Memory of the War: Popular Memory 1918–45, 1945–Present. By Susanne Brandt. 24 May 2017. https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/memory_of_the_war_popular_memory_1918-1945_1945_to_the_present.
See: 1941–18 Online—International Encyclopedia of the First World War. Commemoration, Cult of the Fallen (Germany). By Nadine Rossol 8 Oct. 2014. https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/commemoration_cult_of_the_fallen_germany.
See: https://journals.openedition.org/viatourism/494 for a collection of articles concerning memory, WWI and tourism; e.g. Myriam Jansen-Verbeke et Wanda George. Memoryscapes of the Great War (1914–1918): A paradigm shift in tourism research on war heritage. https://journals.openedition.org/viatourism/494.
- 22.
See: Geographies of Globalisation: A Demanding World. Edited by: Clive Barnett—The Open University, Jennifer Robinson—University of Mississippi, Jackson, USA, and Gillian Rose—University of Oxford, UK, Open University, UK. London: Sage 2008.
- 23.
Clive Barnett. Reaching out: the demands of citizenship in a globalised world. Chapter 3. pp. 103–150. And Steve Pile. A haunted world: the unsettling demands of a globalised past. Chapter 6 pp. 237–288. In Geographies of Globalisation: A Demanding World. Edited by: Clive Barnett—The Open University, Jennifer Robinson—University of Mississippi, Jackson, USA, and Gillian Rose—University of Oxford, UK, Open University, UK. London: Sage 2008.
- 24.
France Diplomacy. Commemoration of the Armistice of 11 November 1918: more than 60 Heads of State and Government to meet in Paris. https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/the-ministry-and-its-network/events/2018/article/commemoration-of-the-armistice-of-11-november-1918-more-than-60-heads-of-state.
- 25.
1914–18 Online. International Encyclopaedia of the First World War. 17 June 2015. Commemoration, Cult of the Fallen (Africa). By Suryakanthie Chetty and Ruth Ginio. https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/commemoration_cult_of_the_fallen_africa.
- 26.
Thierry DI COSTANZO. Memory and history of the Great(er) War and India: from a national-imperial to a more global perspective. Histories of Space, Spaces of History—In E-rea Revue électronique d’études sur le monde Anglophone. https://journals.openedition.org/erea/5844?lang=en.
World War 1, India and memorialisation. 30 October 2018. Talking Humanities, School of Advanced Study, University of London. https://talkinghumanities.blogs.sas.ac.uk/2018/10/30/world-war-1-india-and-memorialisation/.
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O’Reilly G (2019) Aligning geopolitics, humanitarian action and geography in times of conflict. Springer, pp 64–70
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O’Reilly, G. (2020). Introduction: Approaching Sites of Memory. In: O'Reilly, G. (eds) Places of Memory and Legacies in an Age of Insecurities and Globalization. Key Challenges in Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60982-5_1
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