Abstract
In the present scenario, the conservation of water is the main concern of human beings. The depletion rate of water is rapid for surfacewater as well as for groundwater. In most of the landscapes, surfacewater and sub-surface water are inter-connected to each other, and the interaction between sub-surface water and surfacewater is a complex phenomenon. Remarkable advances in groundwater (sub-surface water) flow modelling have been influenced by the water demand which enables to prediction impacts of human activities on groundwater systems and associated environment. The main objective of this paper is to find out the different methods to predict the exchange of fluxes between groundwater and surfacewater. A case study of Varanasi district, India has been taken. In this, landfill sites were selected, and the impact of leachate parameters on the river water (surfacewater) was observed. Inter-relationship of groundwater with surfacewater was found and how much time it takes in reaching to the river. The steady state of the groundwater model is conceptualized by using groundwater flow modelling program. The conceptualization of the groundwater model needed so much input data, and compilation of this data is another tedious task. Combining with Geographic Information System (GIS) technology Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) provided good visualization interface for the user and played a significant role in groundwater evaluation and management. Various processes affect the groundwater and surface water interaction, such as flood recharge, evapo-transpiration from open/shallow water-bodies, interception of water by wetlands, para-fluvial flow. This study helps in choosing the appropriate modelling tools for groundwater and surface water interaction, done by striking the right balance between groundwater and surfacewater processes. The technique used in selecting the most suitable tool of the groundwater model is based upon the various parameters and processes associated with the groundwater/surfacewater. Depending upon the level of complexity of the model, various software packages are used.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to acknowledge the support of the Department of Civil Engineering, IIT (BHU) Varanasi. We are also thankful to our lab staff of the department who spent extra time helping us with the field survey.
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Omar, P.J., Shivhare, N., Dwivedi, S.B., Gaur, S., Dikshit, P.K.S. (2021). Study of Methods Available for Groundwater and Surfacewater Interaction: A Case Study on Varanasi, India. In: Chauhan, M.S., Ojha, C.S.P. (eds) The Ganga River Basin: A Hydrometeorological Approach. Society of Earth Scientists Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60869-9_5
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