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Traffic Management and Control Systems

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A Concise Introduction to Traffic Engineering

Part of the book series: Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering ((SPRTRCIENG))

Abstract

This chapter presents an advanced method for estimating flow reliability on highways and describes the current systems of highway traffic management and control. In this chapter a rigorous capacity definition is offered. The basic characteristics of the Automated Highway System are also introduced. Finally, the HSM method to estimate the annual crash frequency expected on highways and the COPERT method to calculate the polluting emissions are both illustrated.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) are applied in a vast number of transport system fields and can be classified into [14]:

    1. (1)

      ATMS (Advanced Traffic Management Systems): for advanced traffic management. They are systems for managing and controlling traffic, implemented especially in freeway segments and highway ramps (variable speed limits, ramp-metering installations, dynamic speed limits, etc.);

    2. (2)

      ATIS (Traveler Advanced Information Systems): are on-board navigation/assistance systems for road users;

    3. (3)

      AVCS (Advanced Vehicle Control Systems) for advanced vehicle control: collision warning systems, collision avoidance systems using automatic braking and/or automatic steering, autonomous vehicles travelling on dedicated highway lanes (the so-called Automated Highway System “AHS”);

    4. (4)

      CVO (Commercial Vehicle Operations): ITS technologies applied to commercial vehicles such as trucks, buses, vans, taxis and emergency vehicles;

    5. (5)

      APTS (Advanced Public Transportation Systems): ATM, ATIS and AVCS implementation to improve the operation of high-occupancy vehicles (e.g. buses).

  2. 2.

    C-ITS Day-1 services include:

    1. (1)

      Hazardous location notification (warning of a slow or stationary vehicle or when approaching traffic jam; roadworks warning; weather conditions; emergency electronic brake light; approaching emergency vehicle; other risks);

    1. (2)

      Signage services (on-board signals; in-vehicle speed limits; signal violation; intersection safety; traffic signal priority request by specific vehicles; green light optimal speed advisory; cooperative vehicle data; shockwave damping.

  3. 3.

    Number of crashes occurring at a particular site, facility or network in a one-year period (Crash frequency = Number of crashes/Period in years).

  4. 4.

    For example, the main base conditions for multiple-vehicle crashes are:

    • length of horizontal curve = 0 m (i.e., not present);

    • lane width = 3.6 m; inside shoulder width (paved) = 1.8 m; median width = 18 m;

    • length of median barrier = 0 m (i.e., not present);

    • number of hours where volume exceeds 1000 veh/h/lane = none;

    • distance to nearest upstream ramp entrances >800 m;

    • distance to nearest downstream ramp exits >800 m.

  5. 5.

    The desirable minimum sample size for the calibration database for one predictive model is 30–50 sites. For segments, each site should be between 0.1 and 1.0 min in length [21].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. DICAM, University of Trento, Trento, Italy

    Marco Guerrieri & Raffaele Mauro

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  1. Marco Guerrieri
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  2. Raffaele Mauro
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Correspondence to Raffaele Mauro .

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Guerrieri, M., Mauro, R. (2021). Traffic Management and Control Systems. In: A Concise Introduction to Traffic Engineering. Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60723-4_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60723-4_6

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-60722-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-60723-4

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