Abstract
The main purpose of the study is to determine the general characteristics of the landslide sizes observed in Cretaceous and Eocene aged flysch assemblages at the Western Black Sea region of Turkey by using magnitude and frequency relations. For this purpose, the magnitude and frequency relations were investigated by considering power-law scaling characteristics of the geological formations. The probability distributions were also examined by considering Double Pareto and Inverse Gamma distribution models. According to the power-law relations, the rollover effects were observed at 0.047 and 0.048 km2, and the fractal dimensions of the distributions were obtained as −1.97 and −1.41 for Cretaceous and Eocene flysch assemblages, respectively. Considering the probability distributions, the best-fits were acquired from the models Double Pareto with three parameters estimated by maximum likelihood estimation for Cretaceous flysch and Kernel density estimation for Eocene flysch. When we compared these results with the results of a study carried out in the same flysch but in another sub-catchment, it is concluded that rollover effects and fractal dimensions may not be generalized, that means, the parameters may differ site to site depending on not only spatial resolution but also morphological, climatic, and anthropogenic features of the region in concern, and conversely, landslide size distributions fit Double Pareto distribution models in general.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altıner D, Koçyiğit A, Farinacci A, Nicosia U, Conti MA (1991) Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous stratigraphy and paleogeographic evolution of the southern part of north-western Anatolia. Geol Romana 28:13–80
Bak P, Tang C, Wiesenfeld K (1988) Self-organized criticality. Phys Rev A38:364–374
Can T, Nefeslioglu HA, Gokceoglu C, Sonmez H, Duman TY (2005) Susceptibility assessments of shallow earthflows triggered by heavy rainfall at three catchments by logistic regression analyses. Geomorphology 72(1–4):250–271
Channell JET, Tüysüz O, Bektas O, Sengör AMC (1996) Jurassic-Cretaceous paleomagnetism and paleogeography of the Pontides (Turkey). Tectonics 15(1):201–212
Duman TY, Can T, Emre Ö, Keçer M, Doğan A, Ateş Ş, Durmaz S (2005a) Landslide inventory of northwestern Anatolia, Turkey. Eng Geol 77(1–2):99–114
Duman TY, Emre O, Can T, Nefeslioglu HA, Kecer M, Dogan A, Durmaz S, Ates S (2005b) Landslide inventory map of Turkey-1/500 000 scaled Zonguldak section. MTA special publication series, 24 p [in Turkish]
Duman TY, Çan T, Emre Ö (2011) 1/1.500.000 Türkiye Heyelan Envanteri Haritası, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Özel Yayınlar Serisi-27. Ankara. ISBN 978-605-4075-85-3
Emre O, Duman TY, Ozalp S, Elmaci H, Olgun S, Saroglu F (2013) Active fault map of Turkey with and explanatory text. Special publication series 30. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara
Frattini P, Crosta G (2013) The role of material properties and landscape morphology on landslide size distributions. Earth Planet Sci Lett 361:310–319
Fujii Y (1969) Frequency distribution of the magnitudes of landslides caused by heavy rainfall. J Seismol Soc Jpn 22:244–247
Gorum T (2019a) Tectonic, topographic and rock-type influences on large landslides at the northern margin of the Anatolian Plateau. Landslides 16(2):333–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-018-1097-7
Gorum T (2019b) Landslide recognition and mapping in a mixed forest environment from airborne LiDAR data. Eng Geol 258:105–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105155
Gorur N, Monod O, Okay AI, Sengor AMC, Tuysuz O, Yigitbas E, Sakınc M, Akkok R (1997) Palaeogeographic and tectonic position of the carboniferous rocks of the western Pontides (Turkey) in frame of the Variscan belt. Bull Soc Geol Fr 168:197–205
Guthrie RH, Evans SG (2004) Analysis of landslide frequencies and characteristics in a natural system, coastal British Columbia. Earth Surf Process Landf 29:1321–1339
Guzzetti F (2006) Landslide hazard and risk assessment. PhD thesis, Bonn University
Guzzetti F, Reichenbach P, Cardinali M, Galli M, Ardizzone F (2005) Probabilistic landslide hazard assessment at the basin scale. Geomorphology 72(1):272–299
Guzzetti F, Ardizzone F, Cardinali M, Rossi M, Valigi D (2009) Landslide volumes and landslide mobilization rates in Umbria, central Italy. Earth Planet Sci Lett 279:222–229
Hergarten S, Neugebauer NJ (1998) Self-organized criticality in a landslide model. Geophys Res Lett 25:801–804
Katz O, Aharonov E (2006) Landslides in vibrating sandbox: what controls types of slope failure and frequency magnitude relations? Earth Planet Sci Lett 247(3–4):280–294
Korup O (2005) Distribution of landslides in southwest New Zealand. Landslides 2:43–51
Malamud BD, Turcotte DL, Guzzetti F, Reichenbach P (2004) Landslide inventories and their statistical properties. Earth Surf Process Landf 29:687–711
Nefeslioglu HA, Gorum T (2020) On the use of landslide hazard maps to determine mitigation priorities in a dam reservoir and its protection area. Land Use Policy 91:104363
Nefeslioglu HA, San T, Gokceoglu C, Duman TY (2012) An assessment on the use of Terra ASTER L3A data in landslide susceptibility mapping. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 14(1):40–60
Okay AI, Tüysüz O (1999) Tethyan sutures of northern Turkey. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 156(1):475–515. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.22
Okay AI, Sengör AMC, Görür N (1994) Kinematic history of the opening of the Black Sea and its effect on the surrounding regions. Geology 22(3):267–270
Pelletier JD, Malamud BD, Blodgett T, Turcotte DL (1997) Scale-invariance of soil moisture variability and its implications for the frequency-size distribution of landslides. Eng Geol 48:255–268
Regmi NR, Giardino JR, Vitek JD (2014) Characteristics of landslides in western Colorado, USA. Landslides 11:589–603
Rossi M, Malamud BD (2014) Prototype software for determination of landslide statistics from inventory maps (LStats). Landslide modelling and tools for vulnerability assessment preparedness and recovery management (LAMPRE). In: Seventh framework programme collaborative project, WP 5. Research and tools for triggered event landslide mapping, 19 p
Stark CP, Guzzetti F (2009) Landslide rupture and the probability distribution of mobilized debris volumes. J Geophys Res 114(F00A02):16
Stark CP, Hovius N (2001) The characterization of landslide size distributions. Geophys Res Lett 28(6):1091–1094
Tanyas H, van Westen CJ, Allstadt KE, Jibson RW (2019) Factors controlling landslide frequency-area distributions. Earth Surf Process Landf 44:900–917
Turer D, Nefeslioglu HA, Zorlu K, Gokceoglu C (2008) Assessment of geo-environmental problems of the Zonguldak province (NW Turkey). Environ Geol 55(5):1001–1014
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Akgun, A., Gorum, T., Nefeslioglu, H.A. (2021). Landslide Size Distribution Characteristics of Cretaceous and Eocene Flysch Assemblages in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. In: Guzzetti, F., Mihalić Arbanas, S., Reichenbach, P., Sassa, K., Bobrowsky, P.T., Takara, K. (eds) Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk. WLF 2020. ICL Contribution to Landslide Disaster Risk Reduction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60227-7_33
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60227-7_33
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-60226-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-60227-7
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)