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What’s New in Pediatric Nail Disorders?

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Advances in Nail Disease and Management

Part of the book series: Updates in Clinical Dermatology ((UCD))

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Abstract

Most pediatric nail conditions are benign but remain a source of anxiety for parents or physicians inexperienced in onychology and may be a cosmetic issue or a cause of functional impairment. This review includes the most relevant articles from the last 5 years. Physiologic alterations at birth are frequent and important to recognize. Nails are involved in many congenital disorders and part of a larger clinical spectrum of many genetic syndromes. Among infectious diseases, periungual warts are very challenging to treat. On the contrary, onychomycosis seems easier to treat in children than in adults. As in adults, nail psoriasis is associated with a higher risk of psoriatic arthritis and metabolic comorbidities. Crushing injury of finger by a door is the most common cause of acute nail trauma. The management of subungual hematomas and nail bed laceration still remains controversial. Podiatric abnormalities are underestimated and should be considered as a potential cause of nail dystrophy in children. Children who suck their thumbs or bite their nails are less likely to have atopic sensitization. Topical steroids should be the first-line treatment for retronychia and surgery only restricted to nonresponsive cases. Longitudinal melanonychia in children displays more worrisome melanoma-associated features than in adults, but the very vast majority are benign, and a wait-and-see policy is the gold standard. Yellow nail syndrome is extremely rare in children but should raise the potential role of titanium in candies and toothpastes.

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Abbreviations

HFMD:

Hand, foot and mouth disease

LM:

Longitudinal melanonychia

NAPSI:

Nail Psoriasis Severity Index

NMN:

Nail matrix nevius

NPS:

Nail-patella syndrome

PASI:

Psoriasis Area Severity Index

PC:

Pachyonychia congenita

SE:

Subungual exostosis

YNS:

Yellow nail syndrome

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  1. St Pierre, Brugmann and Queen Fabiola Children’s University Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium

    Maureen Tasia & Bertrand Richert

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  1. Maureen Tasia
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  2. Bertrand Richert
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Correspondence to Bertrand Richert .

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  1. Nail Diseases Centre, Cannes, France

    Robert L. Baran

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Tasia, M., Richert, B. (2021). What’s New in Pediatric Nail Disorders?. In: Baran, R.L. (eds) Advances in Nail Disease and Management. Updates in Clinical Dermatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59997-3_14

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