Abstract
A primary tenet of standardized testing is to strictly adhere to standard assessment procedures when administering tests and other assessments. However, accommodations to standardized procedures are often needed for people with disabilities. This chapter reviews the rationale for providing assessment accommodations to individuals with disabilities, including guidance to help determine whether accommodations are or are not appropriate. Various accommodation strategies are presented, such as modifications to test presentation and response format, adjusting time limits, providing adaptive devices/strategies and supports, and using modified or alternate assessments. Guidance for determining what accommodations should be provided is also reviewed, as well as guidance on how to report scores from test administrations where accommodations were provided. Special considerations for English Language Learners are also considered.
Assessment accommodations help students show what they know without being placed at a disadvantage by their disability.
United States Department of Education (2001, p. 8).
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Notes
- 1.
Brookhart v. Illinois State Board of Education, 1983.
- 2.
Southeastern Community College v. Davis, 1979.
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Recommended Reading
American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education. (2014). Standards for educational and psychological testing. Washington, DC: AERA The Standards provide an excellent discussion of assessment accommodations.
Lovett, B. J., & Lewandowski, L. J. (2015). Testing accommodations for students with disabilities: Research based practice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association This is a comprehensive source for a variety of issues related to assessment accommodations.
Luke, S., & Schwartz, A. (2007). Assessment and accommodations. Evidence for Education, 2(1), 1–12 This provides a good summary of testing accommodations, as well as resources for educational professionals.
Mastergeorge, A. M., & Miyoshi, J. N. (1999). Accommodations for students with disabilities: A teacher’s guide (CSE Technical Report 508). Los Angeles, CA: National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing This guide provides some useful information on assessment accommodations specifically aimed towards teachers.
Phillips, S. E. (1994). High-stakes testing accommodations: Validity versus disabled rights. Applied Measurement in Education, 7(2), 93–120 An excellent discussion of some early legal cases involving assessment accommodations for students with disabilities.
Thurlow, M. L., Liu, K. K., Ward, J. M., & Christensen, L. L. (2013). Assessment principles and guidelines for ELLs with disabilities. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Improving the Validity of Assessment Results for English Language Learners with Disabilities (IVARED). Provides a summary of the essential principles of inclusive and valid assessments for English Language Learners with disabilities.
Turnbull, A., Turnbull, R., Shank, M., Smith, S., & Leal, D. (2020). Exceptional lives: Practice, progress, & dignity in today’s schools (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson Education This is an excellent text that provides valuable information regarding the education of students with disabilities.
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Reynolds, C.R., Altmann, R.A., Allen, D.N. (2021). Assessment Accommodations. In: Mastering Modern Psychological Testing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59455-8_16
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