Skip to main content

A Technical Policy and Technological Analysis of a Satellite-Hosted Blockchain System for Sustaining African Development

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Space Fostering African Societies

Part of the book series: Southern Space Studies ((SOSPST))

  • 129 Accesses

Abstract

Spaced-based services, including financial services, are proving more affordable and accessible to more people than ever before in history. Coupled with the rising acceptance of blockchain-based cryptocurrencies, satellite-hosted financial services can be delivered to people around the world, particularly for the benefit of remittance-senders and displaced persons. An accessible and secure blockchain-based financial system hosted via a satellite platform wields strong potential in promoting sustainable development in Africa. This research explores the technical policy and technological considerations that would be necessary to implement such a system. The article explores the feasibility of such a satellite-hosted financial system and its potential benefits for reducing the transaction costs of remittances sent from developed to developing countries, in addition to its benefits for assisting internationally and internally displaced person to store and access their wealth irrespective of their ultimate settlement location.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    African Development Bank, “Tracking Africa’s Progress in Figures”, 2014, African Development Bank, https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Tracking_Africa%E2%80%99s_Progress_in_Figures_-_Infrastructure_Development.pdf.

  2. 2.

    Ibid.

  3. 3.

    United Nations, “Assistance to refugees, returnees, and displaced persons in Africa”, 2017, United Nations, https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/N1726487.pdf.

  4. 4.

    United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, “Africa”, 2018, United Nations, http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/africa.html.

  5. 5.

    United Nations, “The Sustainable Development Agenda”, 2016, www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/development-agenda/.

  6. 6.

    Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), “Official Development Assistance 2018”, 2019, www.compareyourcountry.org/oda?cr=20001%cr1=oecd&lg=en&page=1.

  7. 7.

    Ibid.

  8. 8.

    Ibid.

  9. 9.

    Ibid.

  10. 10.

    Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), “FDI flows”, 2019, https://data.oecd.org/fdi/fdi-flows.htm.

  11. 11.

    Lindgren, David, “Global Remittances and Space-Based Cryptocurrencies: A Transformation Opportunity for the Post-2030 Agenda”, Post 2030-Agenda and the Role of Space. In: Annette Froehlich (ed) The UN 2030 Goals and Their Further Evolution Beyond 2030 for Sustainable Development, (Cham: Springer, 2018), pp. 11–25.

  12. 12.

    Muzaffar A. Chishti, “The Phenomenal Rise in Remittances to India: A Closer Look”, May 2007, Migration Policy Institute, https://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/MigDevPB_052907.pdf.

  13. 13.

    World Bank, “Migration and Remittances”, April 2017, World Bank, http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/992371492706371662/MigrationandDevelopmentBrief27.pdf.

  14. 14.

    Stuart Haber and W. Scott Stornetta, “How to time-stamp a digital document”, Winter 1991, Journal of Cryptology 3, no. 2, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00196791.

  15. 15.

    Manav Gupta, “Blockchain, 3rd IBM Limited Edition”, 2019, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

  16. 16.

    Ibid.

  17. 17.

    Anastasiia Lastovetska, “Blockchain Architecture Basics: Components, Structure, Benefits & Creation”.

  18. 18.

    Ibid.

  19. 19.

    “Ripple XRP to hit key $1.00 threshold as usage soars, says deVere”, October 2018, Banking Newslink, http://proxyau.wrlc.org/login?url=https://search-proquestcom.proxyau.wrlc.org/docview/2115116645?accountid=8285.

  20. 20.

    Vigna, P., “Ripple to invest up to $50 million in MoneyGram; the deal is an extension of the initial agreement for MoneyGram to use ripple's XRP cryptocurrency”, June 2019, Wall Street Journal, http://proxyau.wrlc.org/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.proxyau.wrlc.org/docview/2241638934?accountid=8285.

  21. 21.

    Ibid.

  22. 22.

    Iteogu, O., “Education Drive in Ghana Led by ‘Youngest Crypto Entrepreneur”, July 2019, https://www.blockchainafrica.io/education-drive-in-ghana-led-by-youngest-crypto-entrepreneur/.

  23. 23.

    Leigh Cuen, “From Ghana to the Bronx, These Teen Bitcoiners Are Building the Future”, https://www.coindesk.com/from-ghana-to-the-bronx-meet-the-teen-bitcoiners-building-the-future

  24. 24.

    Leigh Cuen, “From Ghana to the Bronx, These Teen Bitcoiners Are Building the Future”.

  25. 25.

    The Library of Congress, “Regulation of Cryptocurrency Around the World”, June 2018, https://www.loc.gov/law/help/cryptocurrency/world-survey.php.

  26. 26.

    Ibid.

  27. 27.

    Ibid.

  28. 28.

    Ibid.

  29. 29.

    Ernst & Young, “Total cost of ownership for blockchain solutions”, 2019, https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/ey-total-cost-of-ownership-for-blockchain-solutions/$File/ey-total-cost-of-ownership-for-blockchain-solutions.pdf.

  30. 30.

    Foust, Jeff, “Lockheed to obtain Vector satellite assets”, February 2020, SpaceNews, https://spacenews.com/lockheed-to-obtain-vector-satellite-assets/.

  31. 31.

    Nexus, “Vector and Nexus Team Up to Bring Cryptocurrency to Space”, December 2017, Nexus, https://nexusearth.com/news/vector-nexus-team-bring-cryptocurrency-space/.

  32. 32.

    Ibid.

  33. 33.

    Aydin, Rebecca, “This 21-year-old bitcoin millionaire beamed cryptocurrency from space to a school in Ghana”, December 2019, Business Insider, https://www.businessinsider.com/bitcoin-millionaire-erik-finman-beamed-cryptocurrency-satelite-outer-space-2019-11.

  34. 34.

    Ibid.

  35. 35.

    Ibid.

  36. 36.

    Ibid.

  37. 37.

    Congress of African Economists, “Summaries and Recommendations: Proceedings of the Fifth Congress of African Economists”, November 2017, African Union, https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/34631-doc-01_summaries_recommendations_final.pdf.

  38. 38.

    African Union, “Third African Union Specialized Technical Committee on Finance, Monetary Affairs, Economic Planning, and Integration: Draft Declaration”, March 2019, African Union, https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/36814-doc-declaration_final_e.pdf.

  39. 39.

    African Union, “Common African Position on the Post-2015 Development Agenda”, 2014, African Union, https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/32848-doc-common_african_position.pdf.

  40. 40.

    African Capacity Building Foundation, “African Capacity Report 2019”, February 2019, African Capacity Building Foundation, https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/36426-doc-acbf18-22_acr19_english_0222.pdf.

  41. 41.

    Nyantaki, Eugen Bempong and Sy, Mouhamadou, “The Banking System in Africa: Main Facts and Challenges”, 2015, Africa Economic Brief Vol. 6, African Development Bank Group, https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Knowledge/AEB_Vol_6_Issue_5_2015_The_Banking_System_in_Africa__Main_Facts_and_Challenges-10_2015.pdf.

  42. 42.

    Ibid.

  43. 43.

    Ibid.

  44. 44.

    The Law Library of Congress, “Regulation of Cryptocurrency Around the World”, June 2018, Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/law/help/cryptocurrency/cryptocurrency-world-survey.pdf.

  45. 45.

    Baker McKenzie, “Blockchain and Cryptocurrency in Africa”, November 2018, Baker McKenzie, https://www.bakermckenzie.com/-/media/files/insight/publications/2019/02/report_blockchainandcryptocurrencyreg_feb2019.pdf.

  46. 46.

    MMPGhana, “Payment Systems and Services Bill Passed”, October 2019, MMPGhana, https://www.mmpghana.com/2019/10/06/payments-systems-and-services-bill-passed/.

  47. 47.

    Shah, Sneha, “South Africa leads the way in Know Your Customer (KYC) compliance”, April 2017, Thomson Reuters, https://blogs.thomsonreuters.com/answerson/south-africa-leads-way-know-customer-kyc-compliance/.

  48. 48.

    Ibid.

  49. 49.

    Safaricom, “M-PESA Know Your Customer (KYC) Procedure”, 2020, Safaricom, https://safaricom.amlawareness.com/documents/Safaricom%20M-PESA%20KYC%20procedure.pdf.

  50. 50.

    Nguena, Christian Lambert, “Financial Innovation and Pro Poor & Inclusive Growth in Developing Countries: The Role of Mobile Banking & Financial Services Development in Africa”, November 2017, Proceedings of the Fifth Congress of African Economists, African Union, https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/34631-doc-01_summaries_recommendations_final.pdf.

  51. 51.

    African Development Bank, “Tracking Africa’s Progress in Figures”, 2014, African Development Bank, https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Tracking_Africa%E2%80%99s_Progress_in_Figures_-_Infrastructure_Development.pdf.

  52. 52.

    Ibid.

  53. 53.

    Ernst Messerschmid and Stefanos Fasoulas, “Raumfahrtsysteme”, 2017, Springer.

  54. 54.

    Ibid.

  55. 55.

    Ibid.

  56. 56.

    Ibid.

  57. 57.

    Peter J.G. Teunissen and Oliver Montenbruck, “Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems”, Springer.

  58. 58.

    Ibid.

  59. 59.

    Oliver Montenbruck and Eberhard Gill, “Satellite Orbits”, 2000, Springer.

  60. 60.

    Ibid.

  61. 61.

    Gerard Maral and Michel Bousquet, “Satellite Communications Systems”, 2009, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  62. 62.

    Gerard Maral and Michel Bousquet, “Satellite Communications Systems”, 2009, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  63. 63.

    Gerard Maral and Michel Bousquet, “Satellite Communications Systems”, 2009, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Lindgren .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Lindgren, D., Hertel, V., Coutrier, A. (2021). A Technical Policy and Technological Analysis of a Satellite-Hosted Blockchain System for Sustaining African Development. In: Froehlich, A. (eds) Space Fostering African Societies. Southern Space Studies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59158-8_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59158-8_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-59157-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-59158-8

  • eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics