Abstract
On October 13, 1804, Seishu Hanaoka performed a mastectomy in Hirayama, Japan [1]. This is considered by many to be the first operation under general anesthesia, predating by 42 years the first public demonstration of ether administration by Henry Thomas Green Morton. Hanaoka did not record his anesthesia technique. However, his student, Gendai Kamada, documented his use of a mixture of herbal extracts, Mafutsuto, in Mafutsuto-Ron, the first extant anesthesia textbook. Written in 1839, Mafutsuto-Ron is ten pages long and covers six topics beginning with preoperative assessment, on which Gendai Kamada reports the following:
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Dillane, D., Finegan, B.A. (2021). Preoperative Assessment and Optimization. In: Dillane, D., Finegan, B.A. (eds) Preoperative Assessment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58842-7_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58842-7_1
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