Abstract
This chapter presents the basic knowledge about the function of cell division and the cell cycle process. In fine detail, the architecture and function of the largest compartment of the eukaryotic cell, the nucleus and its components, such as the nuclear envelope, nuclear pore complex, chromosomes and nucleoskeleton, are emphasized. Centrioles play an important role in cell division and are being discussed, including their replication. It is discussed how forces are transmitted from the cellular microenvironment, which are sensed by cell–matrix adhesion receptors, coupled via focal adhesion proteins to the cell’s cytoskeletal network, and subsequently they have an impact on the mechanical phenotype of the innermost organelle of the cell, the cell nucleus. The biophysical aspects of these main functions of cells under normal physiological conditions and under pathological conditions such as cancer and acute or chronic inflammation are at the center of attention. Finally, the effect of mechanical force on gene expression is addressed, how the cells deal with it.
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Mierke, C.T. (2020). The Cell Nucleus and Its Compartments. In: Cellular Mechanics and Biophysics. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58532-7_10
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