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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in the Pediatric Population

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Pediatric Sedation Outside of the Operating Room

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Abstract

Regulations encouraging pediatric investigation of new drugs are advancing the therapeutic pharmacopoeia, but for many commonly used medicines, the lack of well-conducted pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PKPD) studies is replaced by extrapolation from adult or nonhuman data. While neonates, infants, and children have different psychology, social structure, behavior, and disease spectrum from adults, they also share many similarities. Growth and developmental aspects account for major differences between neonates and infants and adults. Once out of infancy, body size alone can account for many of the pharmacokinetic differences between children and adults. Pharmacodynamic factors that may influence response in early life remain poorly defined. Most PK and PD differences occur in the first few years of postnatal life with major changes occurring during the neonatal period that are mature by the end of infancy (i.e., 2 years of age). Knowledge of pediatric PKPD, changes seen during growth, and maturation and drug adverse effect spectrum are essential for dosing sedatives in children.

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  1. Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Brian J. Anderson

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  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Keira P. Mason, MD

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Anderson, B.J. (2021). Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in the Pediatric Population. In: Mason, MD, K.P. (eds) Pediatric Sedation Outside of the Operating Room. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58406-1_15

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