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Macroscopic Properties and Keystone Species Complexes in Kelp Forest Ecosystems Along the North-Central Chilean Coast

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Marine Coastal Ecosystems Modelling and Conservation

Abstract

Benthic ecosystems along the north-central Chilean coast are characterised by the presence of kelp forests, considered as ecosystem engineer or niche constructor organisms. Despite their essential ecological role, in the last years kelp forests have been heavily exploited and disturbed by artisanal fishing, inducing drastic changes in such benthic communities and altering the structure and functioning of ecosystem properties. The kelp forest ecosystem gives shelter to a rich community of interacting species. Therefore, any natural or anthropogenic perturbation will affect, directly or indirectly, several components of their interaction network. This can be monitored by holistic, macroscopic indicators. Multispecies trophic network analyses allow us (1) to identify core species or functional groups that play key roles in these ecosystems, named as Keystone Species Complex (KSC) and (2) to quantify macroscopic properties of ecosystems that quantify structure, organisation and health. For the former task, we perform topological analysis and identify the most central sets of nodes. For the latter task, we compute Ascendency, based on thermodynamic laws and information theory and Loop Analysis, based on semi-quantitative community matrices. Using these frameworks, we contribute to the improvement of the current management strategies of artisanal fisheries, conservation and monitoring programmes.

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Acknowledgments

The information used for this study was obtained via the grants INNOVA-CORFO 05CR11IXM-03 (Región de Atacama, Chile) and 09CN14-5873 (Región de Antofagasta, Chile). Part of this work corresponds to the doctoral thesis of first author, funded by a scholarship of the Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Chile.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Modelamiento de Sistemas Ecológicos Complejos (LAMSEC), Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile

    Brenda B. Hermosillo-Núñez & Marco Ortiz

  2. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile

    Marco Ortiz

  3. Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile

    Marco Ortiz

  4. Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary

    Ferenc Jordán & Anett Endrédi

  5. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy

    Ferenc Jordán

Authors
  1. Brenda B. Hermosillo-Núñez
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  2. Marco Ortiz
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  3. Ferenc Jordán
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  4. Anett Endrédi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brenda B. Hermosillo-Núñez .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Modelamiento de Sistemas, Ecológicos Complejos (LAMSEC), Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Alexander von Humboldt, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile

    Marco Ortiz

  2. Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy, Tihany, Hungary

    Ferenc Jordán

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Hermosillo-Núñez, B.B., Ortiz, M., Jordán, F., Endrédi, A. (2021). Macroscopic Properties and Keystone Species Complexes in Kelp Forest Ecosystems Along the North-Central Chilean Coast. In: Ortiz, M., Jordán, F. (eds) Marine Coastal Ecosystems Modelling and Conservation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58211-1_5

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