Abstract
Winter wheat has a decisive role in Hungarian crop production. The sowing area of wheat varies between 1.0 and 1.2 million ha. The national average yield of wheat was 5.0–5.5 t ha−1 in the 1980s but nowadays the country average one varies between 3.0 and 5.0 t ha−1 depending on the climatic factors of crop-year. The total Hungarian Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) fertilizer usage was 250–300 kg ha−1 in the 1980s, but it has decreased to 80–100 kg ha−1 presently. Results of our long-term experiments on chernozem soil proved that the crop-year and the climatic factors (mainly the water supply: quantity of rainfall XE "rainfall" and its distribution) have strong effects on the natural nutrient utilization, yield surpluses of N-fertilization, the maximum yield and the optimum N(+PK) fertilizer doses of different winter wheat genotypes. The nutrient (mainly nitrogen) utilization of winter wheat was modified by abiotic (climatic factors) and biotic (leaf-, stem- and spike-diseases) stresses. In the optimum crop-year and agro-technical models, the maximum yields of winter wheat varied between 7 and 9 t ha−1. In unfavourable climatic and agronomic conditions, the yields of winter wheat dropped to 3–6 t ha−1.
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Acknowledgements
This research was realized in the frame of TÁMOP 4.2.4. A/2-11-1-2012-0001 “National Excellence Program—Elaborating and operating an inland student and researcher personal support system”. The project was subsidized by the European Union and co-financed by the European Social Fund.
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Pepó, P. (2020). Effect of Climate Change and Crop-Year on the Yield and Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Production. In: Sutton, M.A., et al. Just Enough Nitrogen. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58065-0_24
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58065-0_24
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