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Secure Two-Party Computation in a Quantum World

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Applied Cryptography and Network Security (ACNS 2020)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNSC,volume 12146))

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Abstract

Secure multi-party computation has been extensively studied in the past years and has reached a level that is considered practical for several applications. The techniques developed thus far have been steadily optimized for performance and were shown to be secure in the classical setting, but are not known to be secure against quantum adversaries.

In this work, we start to pave the way for secure two-party computation in a quantum world where the adversary has access to a quantum computer. We show that post-quantum secure two-party computation has comparable efficiency to their classical counterparts. For this, we develop a lattice-based OT protocol which we use to implement a post-quantum secure variant of Yao’s famous garbled circuits (GC) protocol (FOCS’82). Along with the OT protocol, we show that the oblivious transfer extension protocol of Ishai et al. (CRYPTO’03), which allows running many OTs using mainly symmetric cryptography, is post-quantum secure. To support these results, we prove that Yao’s GC protocol achieves post-quantum security if the underlying building blocks do.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Note, however, that both schemes have yet to be proven post-quantum secure.

  2. 2.

    We formally define post-quantum security under double encryption (\(\mathrm {pq{\text{- }}2Enc}\) security) in Definition 3.

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Acknowledgements

This work was co-funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)—SFB 1119 CROSSING/236615297 and GRK 2050 Privacy & Trust/251805230, by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Hessen State Ministry for Higher Education, Research and the Arts within ATHENE, and by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 850990 PSOTI).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. SecEng, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

    Niklas Büscher & Nikolaos P. Karvelas

  2. SVS, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Daniel Demmler

  3. Universität Passau, Passau, Germany

    Stefan Katzenbeisser

  4. QPC, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

    Juliane Krämer & Patrick Struck

  5. Department of Computer Science, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, India

    Deevashwer Rathee

  6. ENCRYPTO, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

    Thomas Schneider

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  1. Niklas Büscher
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Correspondence to Daniel Demmler .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

    Mauro Conti

  2. Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore

    Jianying Zhou

  3. Dipt di Informatica Sistemi e Produ, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Roma, Italy

    Emiliano Casalicchio

  4. Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Angelo Spognardi

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Büscher, N. et al. (2020). Secure Two-Party Computation in a Quantum World. In: Conti, M., Zhou, J., Casalicchio, E., Spognardi, A. (eds) Applied Cryptography and Network Security. ACNS 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12146. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57808-4_23

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57808-4_23

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