Abstract
This chapter aims to elaborate various aspects of Islamic social teachings with regard to social policy and welfare in two main areas of values and principles as well as instruments and practices. Adopting a ‘social theology’ approach, the authors provide the reader with a conceptual framework to understand the status of Islamic teachings in the social policy atmosphere of various Muslim societies. After explaining the main sources of deriving Islamic rules, the chapter illustrates a set of values and principles (like takaful, tawazun and avoidance of tadawul) which underpin and guide the practice of social welfare in Islamic teachings. Based on the above mentioned principles, this chapter briefly examines a series of strategies and solutions for providing social welfare according to Islamic teachings, including Zakat, Khums and Waqf. These practices are mostly of a redistributive nature and include both obligatory and non-obligatory actions by the Islamic state and individual Muslims.
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Notes
- 1.
The full text of Quran and its various translations which has been used in this chapter could be accessed at: http://tanzil.net. For comparative study of Quran’s commentaries visit: https://quran.inoor.ir/en/ayah/1/2/commentary.
- 2.
The most important and authentic hadith books (collection of narrations) among Shia (referred to as ‘The Four Books’) are: Al-Kafi (by Al-Kulayni), Man la yahduruh al-faqih (by Ibn Babawayh or al-Shaykh al-Saduq), Tahdhib al-ahkam (by Al-Tusi), and Al-Istibsar (by Al-Tusi). The full text of these sources which has been used in this chapter could be accessed at: https://hadith.inoor.ir/fa/home.
For Sunni scholars, there are six most reliable hadith collections (called ‘The Authentic Six’) which include: Sahih al-Bukhari (by Imam Al-Bukhari), Sahih Muslim (by Muslim bin al-Hajjaj), Sunan Abu Dawud (by Abu Dawood), Sunan Ibn Maja (by Ibn Maja), Jami’ al-Tirmidhi’ (by al-Tirmidhi) and Al-Sunan al-sughra (by Al-Nasa’i). The full text of these sources which has been used in this chapter could be accessed at: https://sunnah.com.
- 3.
The sixth Imam of Twelver Shia and founder of the Ja’fari school of jurisprudence.
- 4.
The son in law of Prophet Mohammad, his forth Caliph (or successor) and the first Imam of Twelver Shia.
- 5.
The seventh Imam of Twelver Shia.
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Tajmazinani, A.A., Mahdavi Mazinani, Z. (2021). Foundations of Social Policy and Welfare in Islam. In: Tajmazinani, A.A. (eds) Social Policy in the Islamic World. International Series on Public Policy . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57753-7_2
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