Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Study of Cooperative Thinking

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Frontiers in Software Engineering Education (FISEE 2019)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 12271))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 330 Accesses

Abstract

Computational Thinking is a competence in computational problem solving. Cooperative Thinking (CooT) is an enhancement of Computational Thinking, supporting team-based computational problem solving. CooT is actually grounded on both Computational Thinking (CT) and Agile Values (AV) competencies, which focus respectively on the individual capability to think in a computational-oriented way (CT), and on the social dimension of software development (AV). However, CooT is not just the sum of CT and AV, rather it is a new overarching competence suitable to deal with complex software engineering problems. Previous papers focused on the conceptualization and the validation of Cooperative Thinking. We now analyze in depth the characteristics and consequences of this construct, with respect to the level of seniority and coding experience. Consequently, we run a Multi–Group Analysis of a representative stratified sample of High–School students, University students, and practitioners, through a Structural Equation Modeling technique. Our goal is to identify if there is a significant difference among groups with respect to the CooT model. Results show that seniority is a significant factor, suggesting as beneficial an early exposure of students to Cooperative Thinking practices.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2016/01/30/computer-science-all.

References

  1. Abeti, L., Ciancarini, P., Moretti, R.: Wiki-based requirements management for business process reengineering. In: Proceedings of the ICSE Workshop on Wikis for Software Engineering, pp. 14–24. IEEE Computer Society, Vancouver, May 2009

    Google Scholar 

  2. Barrows, H.S.: Problem-based learning in medicine and beyond: a brief overview. New Dir. Teach. Learn. 1996(68), 3–12 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bauer, T., Bodner, T., Erdogan, B., Truxillo, D., Tucker, J.: Newcomer adjustment during organizational socialization: a meta-analytic review of antecedents, outcomes, and methods. J. Appl. Psychol. 92(3), 707 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Beck, K.: Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change. Addison-Wesley Professional, Boston (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Beck, K., Andres, C.: Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change. Addison-Wesley, Boston (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Begel, A., Simon, B.: Novice software developers, all over again. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Computing Education Research, pp. 3–14. ACM (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Chase, J., Okie, E.: Combining cooperative learning and peer instruction in introductory computer science. In: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, vol. 32, pp. 372–376. ACM (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Chin, W.W.: Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. MIS Q. 22(1), vii–xvi (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ciancarini, P., Missiroli, M., Russo, D.: Cooperative thinking: analyzing a new framework for software engineering education. J. Syst. Softw. 157, 1–12 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Denning, P., Tedre, M.: Computational Thinking. MIT Press, Cambridge (2019)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  11. Dibbern, J., Goles, T., Hirschheim, R., Jayatilaka, B.: Information systems outsourcing: a survey and analysis of the literature. ACM SIGMIS Database 35(4), 6–102 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Dillenbourg, P.: Collaborative learning: cognitive and computational approaches. Advances in Learning and Instruction Series. ERIC (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Dillenbourg, P., Järvelä, S., Fischer, F.: Technology-Enhanced Learning. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Efron, B., Tibshirani, R.J.: An Introduction to the Bootstrap. CRC Press, Boca Raton (1994)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  15. EU: Key competences for lifelong learning: European reference framework (2007). http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=LEGISSUM:c1109

  16. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., Lang, A.: Statistical power analyses using g* power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav. Res. Methods 41(4), 1149–1160 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Forum, W.E.: The future of jobs: employment, skills and workforce strategy for the fourth industrial revolution, January 2016. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF-Future-of-Jobs.pdf

  18. Gefen, D., Straub, D., Boudreau, M.C.: Structural equation modeling and regression: guidelines for research practice. Commun. AIS 4(1), 7 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Great Schools Partnership: The Glossary of Education Reform - 21st century skills (2016). http://edglossary.org/21st-century-skills/

  20. Hahn, C., Johnson, M.D., Herrmann, A., Huber, F., et al.: Capturing customer heterogeneity using a finite mixture PLS approach. Schmalenbach Bus. Rev. 54(3), 243–269 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T., Ringle, C., Sarstedt, M.: A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications, New York (2016)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Hair, J.F., Ringle, C., Sarstedt, M.: PLS-SEM: indeed a silver bullet. J. Mark. Theory Pract. 19(2), 139–152 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Hair, J.F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C., Gudergan, S.: Advanced Issues in Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. SAGE Publications, New York (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Henderson, P.B.: Ubiquitous computational thinking. Computer 42(10), 100–102 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Henseler, J., Ringle, C., Sinkovics, R.R.: The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In: New Challenges to International Marketing, pp. 277–319. Emerald Group Publishing Limited (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Higgins, C.A., Duxbury, L.E., Irving, R.H.: Work-family conflict in the dual-career family. Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. 51(1), 51–75 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Highsmith, J., Fowler, M.: The agile manifesto. Softw. Dev. Mag. 9(8), 29–30 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Hulland, J.: Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: a review of four recent studies. Strateg. Manag. J. 20, 195–204 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hung, W., Jonassen, D.H., Liu, R., et al.: Problem-based learning. Handb. Res. Educ. Commun. Technol. 3, 485–506 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  30. de Jager, T.W.: Using eduScrum to introduce project-like features in Dutch secondary Computer Science Education (2015). http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/307201

  31. Johnson, D., et al.: Cooperative learning in the classroom. ERIC (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Johnson, M., Senges, M.: Learning to be a programmer in a complex organization: a case study on practice-based learning during the onboarding process at google. J. Workplace Learn. 22(3), 180–194 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Jones, G.: Socialization tactics, self-efficacy, and newcomers’ adjustments to organizations. Acad. Manag. J. 29(2), 262–279 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Kim, D., Cavusgil, E.: The impact of supply chain integration on brand equity. J. Bus. Ind. Market. 24(7), 496–505 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Köse, U.: A web based system for project-based learning activities in “web design and programming” course. Procedia-Soc. Behav. Sci. 2(2), 1174–1184 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Krajcik, J., Blumenfeld, P.: Project-Based Learning. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Kropp, M., Meier, A.: Teaching agile software development at university level: values, management, and craftsmanship. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training, pp. 179–188. IEEE (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Meerbaum-Salant, O., Hazzan, O.: An agile constructionist mentoring methodology for software projects in the high school. ACM Trans. Comput. Educ. 9(4), 1–29 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Missiroli, M., Russo, D., Ciancarini, P.: Learning agile software development in high school: an investigation. In: Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 293–302. ACM (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Missiroli, M., Russo, D., Ciancarini, P.: Una didattica agile per la programmazione. Mondo Digitale 15(64), 1–10 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Missiroli, M., Russo, D., Ciancarini, P.: Cooperative thinking, or: computational thinking meets agile. In: Proceedings of the Software Engineering Education and Training. IEEE (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Missiroli, M., Russo, D., Ciancarini, P.: Agile for millennials: a comparative study. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering Curricula for Millennials, pp. 47–53. IEEE Press (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Popper, K.: The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Routledge, Abingdon (2005)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  44. de Raadt, M.: A review of Australasian investigations into problem solving and the novice programmer. Comput. Sci. Educ. 17(3), 201–213 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Rico, D., Sayani, H.: Use of agile methods in software engineering education. In: Agile Conference, AGILE 2009, pp. 174–179. IEEE (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Ringle, C., Wende, S., Becker, J.M.: SmartPLS 3. Boenningstedt: SmartPLS GmbH (2015). http://www.smartpls.com

  47. Rittel, H.W., Webber, M.M.: 2.3 planning problems are wicked. Polity 4, 155–169 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Russo, D., Missiroli, M., Ciancarini, P.: A conceptual model for cooperative thinking. In: Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 157–158. ACM (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Russo, D., Stol, K.J.: Soft theory: a pragmatic alternative to conduct quantitative empirical studies. In: Proceedings of the Joint 7th International Workshop on Conducting Empirical Studies in Industry and 6th International Workshop on Software Engineering Research and Industrial Practice, pp. 30–33. IEEE (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Sarstedt, M., Henseler, J., Ringle, C.: Multigroup analysis in partial least squares (PLS) path modeling: alternative methods and empirical results. In: Measurement and Research Methods in International Marketing, pp. 195–218. Emerald Group Publishing Limited (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Schwaber, K.: Agile Project Management with Scrum. Microsoft Press (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Sharma, G., Stol, K.J.: Exploring onboarding success, organizational fit, and turnover intention of software professionals. J. Syst. Softw. 159, 110442 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Steghöfer, J.P., Knauss, E., Alégroth, E., Hammouda, I., Burden, H., Ericsson, M.: Teaching Agile: addressing the conflict between project delivery and application of Agile methods. In: Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion, pp. 303–312. ACM (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Trytten, D.: Progressing from small group work to cooperative learning: a case study from computer science. In: 29th Annual Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE 11999, vol. 2, pp. 13A4-22. IEEE (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Urbach, N., Ahlemann, F.: Structural equation modeling in information systems research using partial least squares. J. Inf. Technol. Theory Appl. 11(2), 5–40 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Wang, F.H.: On the relationships between behaviors and achievement in technology-mediated flipped classrooms: a two-phase online behavioral PLS-SEM model. Comput. Educ. 142, 103653 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Wing, J.: Computational thinking. Commun. ACM 49(3), 33–35 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Wohlin, C., Runeson, P., Höst, M., Ohlsson, M., Regnell, B., Wesslén, A.: Experimentation in Software Engineering. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29044-2

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

This work was partially funded by the Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per l’Informatica (CINI) and by CNR-ISTC. The authors thank all the colleagues who helped us spreading the survey, and the students who answered it.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Paolo Ciancarini & Marcello Missiroli

  2. Innopolis University, Innopolis, Russia

    Paolo Ciancarini

  3. University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark

    Daniel Russo

Authors
  1. Paolo Ciancarini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Marcello Missiroli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Daniel Russo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paolo Ciancarini .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Toulouse, Blagnac, France

    Jean-Michel Bruel

  2. University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg

    Alfredo Capozucca

  3. Innopolis University, Innopolis, Russia

    Manuel Mazzara

  4. Schaffhausen Institute of Technology, Schaffhausen, Switzerland

    Bertrand Meyer

  5. Innopolis University, Innopolis, Russia

    Alexandr Naumchev

  6. Innopolis University, Innopolis, Russia

    Andrey Sadovykh

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Ciancarini, P., Missiroli, M., Russo, D. (2020). A Study of Cooperative Thinking. In: Bruel, JM., Capozucca, A., Mazzara, M., Meyer, B., Naumchev, A., Sadovykh, A. (eds) Frontiers in Software Engineering Education. FISEE 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12271. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57663-9_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57663-9_18

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-57662-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-57663-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation