Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Precipitation, Temperature and Evaporation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Water Resources of Chile

Part of the book series: World Water Resources ((WWR,volume 8))

Abstract

In this chapter, spatial and temporal patterns of temperature, precipitation and potential evapotranspiration along Chile are shown and analyzed in detail. Data obtained from gridded maps provided by the Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia (CR2), as well as 874 precipitation stations and 376 thermometric stations belonging to the Dirección General de Aguas (DGA), and Dirección Meteorológica de Chile (DMC) are used for this purpose. On the other hand, potential evapotranspiration was estimated using the Thornthwaite method. The Mann Kendall (MK) statistical test of trend with a 5% of significance level was used for the identification of temporal trends in temperature and precipitation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aceituno P, Del Rosario Prieto M, Solari ME, Martínez A, Poveda G, Falvey M (2009) The 1877–1878 El Niño episode: associated impacts in South America. Clim Chang 92:389–416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M (2006) Evapotranspiración del cultivo: guías para la determinación de los requerimientos de agua de los cultivos. FAO, Roma, 298, 0

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez-Garreton C, Mendoza PA, Boisier JP, Addor N, Galleguillos M, Zambrano-Bigiarini M, Lara A, Puelma C, Cortes G, Garreaud R, Mcphee J, Ayala A (2018) The CAMELS-CL dataset: catchment attributes and meteorology for large sample studies – Chile dataset. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 22:5817–5846

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blaney HF (1959) Monthly consumptive use requirements for irrigated crops. J Irrig Drain Div 85:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Boisier JP, Rondanelli R, Garreaud RD, Muñoz F (2016) Anthropogenic and natural contributions to the Southeast Pacific precipitation decline and recent megadrought in Central Chile. Geophys Res Lett 43:413–421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bozkurt D, Rondanelli R, Garreaud R, Arriagada A (2016) Impact of warmer eastern tropical Pacific SST on the March 2015 Atacama floods. Mon Weather Rev 144:4441–4460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bras RL (1990) Hydrology: an introduction to hydrologic science. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, Reading

    Google Scholar 

  • Burger F, Brock B, Montecinos A (2018) Seasonal and elevational contrasts in temperature trends in Central Chile between 1979 and 2015. Glob Planet Chang 162:136–147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carrasco JF, Osorio R, Casassa G (2008) Secular trend of the equilibrium-line altitude on the western side of the southern Andes, derived from radiosonde and surface observations. J Glaciol 54:538–550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DGA (1987) Balance Hídrico de Chile. Dirección General de Aguas, Ministerio de Obras Publicas

    Google Scholar 

  • DGA (2017) Actualización del Balance Hídrico Nacional. Dirección General de Aguas, División de Estudios y Planificación, Santiago

    Google Scholar 

  • Espinoza PAS, Martín-Vide J (2014) Spatial analysis of rainfall daily trends and concentration in Chile. Investigaciones Geográficas, ág 53–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Falvey M, Garreaud R (2007) Wintertime precipitation episodes in Central Chile: associated meteorological conditions and orographic influences. J Hydrometeorol 8:171–193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Falvey M, Garreaud RD (2009) Regional cooling in a warming world: recent temperature trends in the southeast Pacific and along the west coast of subtropical South America (1979–2006). J Geophys Res-Atmos 114(D4):1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Figueroa P (2014) Variabilidad de las precipitaciones (1965–2012) en Chile centro-sur mediante indices estadisticos y temporales de la irregularidad. Geografia, Universidad de Chile

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuenzalida H, Falvey M, Rojas M, Aceituno P, Garreaud R (2006) Estudio de la variabilidad climática en Chile para el siglo XXI. Informe para CONAMA

    Google Scholar 

  • Garreaud R (2009) The Andes climate and weather. Adv Geosci 22:3–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garreaud R (2011) Cambio Climático: Bases físicas e impactos en Chile. Revista Tierra Adentro 93:13–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Garreaud R (2013) Warm winter storms in Central Chile. J Hydrometeorol 14:1515–1534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garreaud R, Rutllant J (1996) Análisis meteorológico de los aluviones de Antofagasta y Santiago de Chile en el periodo 1991–1993. Atmósfera 9

    Google Scholar 

  • Garreaud R, Vuille M, Clement AC (2003) The climate of the Altiplano: observed current conditions and mechanisms of past changes. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 194:5–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillett NP, Kell TD, Jones P (2006) Regional climate impacts of the Southern Annular Mode. Geophys Res Lett 33(23):1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen J, Ruedy R, Sato M, Lo K (2010) Global surface temperature change. Rev Geophys 48(4):1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Henríquez G (2013) Caracterización de Humedales Altoandinos para una gestión sustentable de las actividades productivas del sector norte del país: Informe. Recurso Suelo. III Atacama. Centro de Información de Recursos Naturales

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernández-López MF, Braud I, Gironás J, Suárez F, Muñoz JF (2016) Modelling evaporation processes in soils from the Huasco salt flat basin, Chile. Hydrol Process 30:4704–4719

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houston J (2006) Variability of precipitation in the Atacama Desert: its causes and hydrological impact. Int J Climatol 26:2181–2198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson E, Yáñez J, Ortiz C, Muñoz J (2010) Evaporation from shallow groundwater in closed basins in the Chilean Altiplano. Hydrol Sci J–Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques 55:624–635

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kendall MG (1955) Rank correlation methods. Charles Griffin, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Kukal M, Irmak S (2016) Long-term patterns of air temperatures, daily temperature range, precipitation, grass-reference evapotranspiration and aridity index in the USA Great Plains: part II. Temporal trends. J Hydrol 542:978–1001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Little C, Lara A, Mcphee J, Urrutia R (2009) Revealing the impact of forest exotic plantations on water yield in large scale watersheds in South-Central Chile. J Hydrol 374:162–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mann HB (1945) Nonparametric tests against trend. Econ J Econ Soc 13(3):245–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Mckenney MS, Rosenberg NJ (1993) Sensitivity of some potential evapotranspiration estimation methods to climate change. Agric For Meteorol 64:81–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mendonça M (2017) Monzón sudamericano: la integración de la circulación amazónica y altiplánica y las variabilidades climáticas del altiplano andino chileno. Diálogo andino 21–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Meseguer Ruiz Ó, Corvacho O, Tapia Tosetti A, López Cepeda JF, Sarricolea P (2017) Análisis de las temperaturas medias y sus extremos a partir de diferentes índices durante el período 1966–2015 en el norte grande chileno. Diálogo andino, 31–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Meseguer-Ruiz O, Ponce-Philimon PI, Guijarro JA, Sarricolea P (2018) Spatial distribution and trends of different precipitation variability indices based on daily data in Northern Chile between 1966 and 2015. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci Discuss 2018:1–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Montecino HC, Staub G, Ferreira VG, Parra LB (2016) Monitoring groundwater storage in northern Chile based on satellite observations and data simulation. Boletim de Ciências Geodésicas 22:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montecinos A, Aceituno P (2003) Seasonality of the ENSO-related rainfall variability in Central Chile and associated circulation anomalies. J Clim 16:281–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montecinos A, Díaz A, Aceituno P (2000) Seasonal diagnostic and predictability of rainfall in subtropical South America based on tropical Pacific SST. J Clim 13:746–758

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montecinos A, Purca S, Pizarro O (2003) Interannual-To-Interdecadal Sea surface temperature variability along the western coast of South America. Geophys Res Lett 30

    Google Scholar 

  • Olivera-Guerra L, Mattar C, Galleguillos M (2014) Estimation of real evapotranspiration and its variation in Mediterranean landscapes of Central-Southern Chile. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 28:160–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Penman HL (1948) Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proc R Soc Lond Ser A Math Phys Sci 193:120–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Penman HL (1963) Vegetation and hydrology. Soil Sci 96:357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quintana J, Aceituno P (2006) Trends and interdecadal variability of rainfall in Chile. In: Proceedings of 8 ICSHMO, 24–28 Apr 2006

    Google Scholar 

  • Quintana J, Aceituno P (2012) Changes in the rainfall regime along the extratropical west coast of South America (Chile): 30–43°S. Atmosfera 25:1–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Rojas O, Mardones M, Arumí JL, Aguayo M (2014) Una revisión de inundaciones fluviales en Chile, período 1574–2012: causas, recurrencia y efectos geográficos. Revista de Geografía Norte Grande 177–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez M, Carvacho L (2006) Estimación de evapotranspiración potencial, ETP, a partir de imágenes NOAAAVHRR en la VI Región del Libertador General Bernardo O’Higgins. Revista de Geografía Norte Grande 49–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez Martínez M, Carvacho Bart L (2011) Comparación de ecuaciones empíricas para el cálculo de la evapotranspiración de referencia en la Región del Libertador General Bernardo O’Higgins, Chile. Revista de geografía Norte Grande 171–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarricolea P, Romero H (2015) Variabilidad y cambios climáticos observados y esperados en el Altiplano del norte de Chile. Revista de geografía Norte Grande 169–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarricolea P, Meseguer Ruiz O, Romero-Aravena H (2017) Tendencias de la precipitación en el norte grande de Chile y su relación con las proyecciones de cambio climático. Diálogo andino 41–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarricolea P, Meseguer-Ruiz Ó, Serrano-Notivoli R, Soto MV, Martin-Vide J (2019) Trends of daily precipitation concentration in Central-Southern Chile. Atmos Res 215:85–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz N, Boisier J, Aceituno P (2012) Climate change along the arid coast of northern Chile. Int J Climatol 32:1803–1814

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sen PK (1968) Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall’s tau. J Am Stat Assoc 63:1379–1389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stolpe N, Undurraga P (2016) Long term climatic trends in Chile and effects on soil moisture and temperature regimes. Chilean J Agric Res 76:487–496

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornthwaite CW (1948) An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geogr Rev 38:55–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turc L (1961) Estimation of irrigation water requirements, potential evapotranspiration: a simple climatic formula evolved up to date. Ann Agron 12:13–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Valdes-Pineda R, Pizarro R, Valdes JB, Carrasco JF, Garcia-Chevesich P, Olivares C (2016) Spatio-temporal trends of precipitation, its aggressiveness and concentration, along the Pacific coast of South America (36–49°S). Hydrol Sci J 61:2110–2132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valdés-Pineda R, Valdés JB, Diaz HF, Pizarro-Tapia R (2016) Analysis of spatio-temporal changes in annual and seasonal precipitation variability in South America-Chile and related ocean–atmosphere circulation patterns. Int J Climatol 36:2979–3001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vargas Easton G, Pérez Tello S, Aldunce Ide P (2018) Aluviones y resiliencia en Atacama. Construyendo saberes sobre riesgos y desastres

    Google Scholar 

  • Vargas G, Ortlieb L, Rutllant J (2000) Aluviones históricos en Antofagasta y su relación con eventos El Niño/Oscilación del Sur. Revista geológica de Chile 27:157–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Viale M, Nuñez MN (2011) Climatology of winter orographic precipitation over the subtropical Central Andes and associated synoptic and regional characteristics. J Hydrometeorol 12:481–507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viale M, Valenzuela R, Garreaud RD, Ralph FM (2018) Impacts of atmospheric rivers on precipitation in southern South America. J Hydrometeorol 19:1671–1687

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vicuña S, Garreaud RD, Mcphee J (2011) Climate change impacts on the hydrology of a snowmelt driven basin in semiarid Chile. Clim Chang 105:469–488

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vicuña S, Gironás J, Meza FJ, Cruzat ML, Jelinek M, Bustos E, Poblete D, Bambach N (2013) Exploring possible connections between hydrological extreme events and climate change in central South Chile. Hydrol Sci J 58:1598–1619

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Obras Civiles, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile

    Lina Castro

  2. Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Jorge Gironás

  3. CEDEUS, Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, Santiago, Chile

    Jorge Gironás

  4. CIGIDEN, Centro de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada del Riesgo de Desastres, Santiago, Chile

    Jorge Gironás

  5. CCG-UC, Centro Interdisciplinario de Cambio Global UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Jorge Gironás

Authors
  1. Lina Castro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jorge Gironás
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lina Castro .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Bonifacio Fernández

  2. Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Jorge Gironás

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Castro, L., Gironás, J. (2021). Precipitation, Temperature and Evaporation. In: Fernández, B., Gironás, J. (eds) Water Resources of Chile. World Water Resources, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56901-3_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation