‘You Have to Scream Your Head Off!’ Mechanical Solidarity and Rules of Gathering: Structural Dimensions of Fandom Culture

Abstract

This chapter describes some structural mechanisms that maintain order in fan groups. These include both a number of internal ‘imperatives’ (environmental rules) and a system of building relationships with ‘others’, including fans of other clubs. It should be stressed that despite ‘functional differentiation’ in fandom culture, hooligans are the most influential group. Their principles, ways of behaving and modes of dealing with circumstances resonate in the entire structure of fandom. ‘There is no democracy’ in the fan movement—it is based on the principles of hierarchy, subordination and sacrifice of the individual for the good of the group. In such a demanding environment, maintaining the cohesion of the group requires restrictive and uncompromising strategies. As a result, the structure of fandom resembles the mechanical solidarity described by Émile Durkheim. The chapter presents dominant types of relations between fans of rival clubs, ranging from ‘deals’ and ‘alliances’ to ‘sticker knife’ relationships (kosa) between old enemies.