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Prevention of Heart Failure

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ASPC Manual of Preventive Cardiology

Part of the book series: Contemporary Cardiology ((CONCARD))

Abstract

Heart failure is a critically important medical problem with far-reaching impact from the personal to the global. Heart failure is the final common pathway for many cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, and a variety of cardiomyopathies. Heart failure is classified in several ways: AHA/ACC stages of heart failure (A [presence of risk factors only] through D [presence of medically refractory disease]) and New York Heart Association Class (I [asymptomatic] through IV [symptomatic at rest]). Regardless of stage or class, prevention of heart failure is an important goal for both precision medicine and global public health. The foundation of heart failure prevention is prevention of cardiovascular disease. The cornerstone of preventing cardiovascular disease rests with identifying and addressing risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. The most important risk factors to address to prevent heart failure are hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity, and impaired glucose tolerance. An important and effective strategy for risk factor intervention is through healthy lifestyle choices suggested by Life’s Simple 7™. Those choices include adopting heart healthy diets and by other nonpharmacological approaches like healthy habits such as routine vigorous physical activity as well as avoiding smoking. For patients with already present structural heart disease and clinical heart failure, there are well-recognized guidelines for management of heart failure utilizing highly developed pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to achieve secondary prevention objectives of avoiding further morbidity and mortality. Among other beneficial public health measures, influenza vaccination prevents heart failure. Lastly, heart failure prevention also incorporates avoiding cardiotoxic substances like alcohol. Some forms of cancer treatment may be accompanied by cardiotoxicity. Their use should be monitored closely to help prevent consequent morbidity such as heart failure. The future of heart failure management appears quite bright with investigational approaches on the horizon.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section in Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

    R. Brandon Stacey

  2. Cardiology Division, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA

    Douglas D. Schocken

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  1. R. Brandon Stacey
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  2. Douglas D. Schocken
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Correspondence to Douglas D. Schocken .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA

    Nathan D. Wong

  2. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA

    Ezra A. Amsterdam

  3. Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Peter P. Toth

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Stacey, R.B., Schocken, D.D. (2021). Prevention of Heart Failure. In: Wong, N.D., Amsterdam, E.A., Toth, P.P. (eds) ASPC Manual of Preventive Cardiology. Contemporary Cardiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56279-3_21

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