Skip to main content

The Earth and the Tree in Alekh Shamanism in Koraput/Odisha

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Dealing with Disasters

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Disaster Anthropology ((PSDA))

Abstract

This chapter analyzes local patterns of Mahima Dharma, a new ascetic religion in Odisha, which recently proselytized in the Koraput region of Eastern India. The chapter describes and discusses the cultural resilience of an eco-cosmological worldview in the context of conversion. As eco-cosmologies the article defines worldviews and life-worlds relating intrinsically the human with the non-human, the cosmos and the other-than-human sphere such as trees, animals, rivers, mountains. Among the Mahima Dharma followers in Koraput, this relatedness between the human and non-human sphere is mainly mediated by a ritual ecstatic specialist, a shaman, connecting through visions and dreams the living world with an animated ecological landscape.

Some aspects of this paper have been published in the article entitled “Negative Ecstasy or the Singers of the Divine. Voices from the Periphery of Mahima Dharma.” 2007. In Periphery and Centre: Studies in Orissan History, Religion and in Anthropology, edited by G. Pfeffer, 105–130. Delhi: Manohar.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Atkinson, J. M. 1992. “Shamanisms Today.” Annual Review of Anthropology 21: 307–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beltz, J. 2001. “Disputed Centres, Rejected Norms and Contested Authorities. Situating Mahima Dharma in Its Regional Diversity.” Unpublished Paper presented at the Annual DFG Salzau-conference Mai 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beltz, J. 2002. “Contested Authorities, Disputed Centres and Rejected Norms: Situating Mahima Dharma in Its Regional Diversity.” In Periphery and Centre: Groups, Categories and Values, edited by Georg Pfeffer. Delhi: Manohar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, P. 2002. “The Gadaba and the ‘Non-ST’ Desia of Koraput, Orissa. Some Observations on Their Interrelations.” In Contemporary Society: Tribal Studies, Vol. 5, edited by Deepak Kumar Behera and Georg Pfeffer. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biardeau, M. 1994. Études de Mythologie Hindoue II. Bhakti et Avatara. Pondichéry: Publication de l’École Française d’Extrême-Orient.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouillier, V. 1997. Ascète et Roi. Un Monastère de Kanphata Yogis au Népal. Paris: CNRS Éditions.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourguignon, Erika, ed. 1973. Religion, Altered States-of-Consciousness and Social Change. Ohio: Columbus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Champion, C., ed. 1996. Traditions Orales Dans le Monde Indien. Collection Purusartha 18. Paris: Édition de l’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohn, Bernard S. 1990 [1962]. “Political Systems in Eighteenth-Century India: The Benares Region.” In An Anthropologist Among the Historians and Other Essays, edited by B. S. Cohn. New York: Oxford University Press, 483–499.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deo, F. 1999. “Institutional and Organizational Aspects of Mahima Dharma.” In Organisational and Institutionalisational Aspects of Indian Religious Movements, edited by J. T. O’Connell, 137–151. Delhi: Manohar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dirks, N. 1979. “The Structure and Meaning of Political Relations in South Indian Little Kingdom.” Contributions to Indian Sociology 13 (2): 169–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dube, I. B. 1999. “Taming Traditions: Legalities and Histories in Twentieth-Century Orissa.” In Subaltern Studies X. Writing on South Asian History and Society, edited by G. Bhadra, G. Prakash, and S. Tharu, 98–125. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dube, I. B. 2001. “Issues of Faith, Enactments of Contest. The Founding of Mahima Dharma in Nineteenth-Century Orissa.” In Jagannath Revisited. Studying Society, Religion and the State in Orissa, edited by H. Kulke and B. Schnepel, 149–178. New York: Manohar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durkheim, É. 1991 [1912]. Les Formes Élémentaires de La Vie Religieuse. Paris: Librairie Générale Française (Livre de Poche).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eschmann, A. 1975. “Spread, Organisation and Cult of Mahima Dharma.” In Satya Mahima Dharma, edited by Shri N. Senapati, 9–22. Cuttack: Dharma Grantha Store.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eschmann, A. 1986 [1978]. “Mahima Dharma: An Autochthonous Hindu Reform Movement.” In The Cult of Jagannath and the Regional Tradition of Orissa, edited by A. Eschmann, H. Kulke, and G. T. Tripathi, 374–410. New Delhi: Manohar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fortes, M., and E. E. Evans-Pritchard, eds. 1940. African Political Systems. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galey, J.-C. 1989. “Reconsidering Kingship in India: An Ethnological Perspective.” In Kingship and the Kings. History and Anthropology, Vol. 4, edited by J.-C. Galey, 123–187. London, Paris, and New York: Harwood Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guzy, L. 2000. “On the Road with Babas. Some Insights into Local Features of Mahima Dharma.” Journal of Social Sciences 4 (4): 323–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guzy, L. 2002. “Mahima Dharma Ascetics. A Case Study on Popular Asceticism and Its Patronage Structure in Rural Orissa.” In Hindu Nationalism and Religious Reform Movement, edited by A. Copley. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guzy, L., and J. Cuffe, ed. 2015. Special Issue. Emerging Adivasi and Indigenous Studies in Ireland. Irish Journal of Anthropology 18 (2): 12–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guzy, L., Gregory D. Alles, and Uwe Skoda. 2015. “Emerging Indian and Adivasi Studies in Ireland. Local Agents, Performances and Traditions.” In Cuffe Guzy. “Emerging Adivasi and Indigenous Studies in Ireland.” Irish Journal of Anthropology 18 (2) Special Issue: 12–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawley, J. S, and M. Juergensmeyer. 1988. Songs of the Saints of India. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helm, J., ed. 1971 [1968]. Essays on the Problem of Tribe. Proceedings of the 1967 Annual Spring Meeting of the American Ethnological Society. Washington, DC: University of the Washington Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kakar, S. 1984 [1982]. Schamanen, Heilige und Ärzte. München: Biederstein.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keane, W. 1997. “Religious Language.” Annual Review of Anthropology 26: 47–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuper, A. 1988. The Invention of Primitive Society. Transformations of an Illusion. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuper, M., ed. 1991. Hungrige Geister und Rastlose Seelen. Texte zur Schamanismusforschung. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lévi-Strauss, C. 1962. La Pensée Sauvage. Paris: Librairie Plon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lévi-Strauss, C. 1964. Mythologiques. Le Cru et Le Cuit. Paris: Librairie Plon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, I. M. 1971. Ecstatic Religion. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lund, S. 2001. “Bequeathing and Quest. Processing Personal Identification Papers in Bureaucratic Spaces (Cuzco, Peru).” Social Anthropology: The Journal of Social Anthropologists 9 (1) (February): 3–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauss, M. 1923–1924. “Essai sur le don. Forme et raison de l’échange dans les sociétés Archaїques.” In L’Année Sociologique, Nouvelle série, 1: 30–186. Paris: Presses Universitaire de France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohapatra, S. 1983. Bhima Bhoi. Makers of Indian Literature. Delhi: Sahitya Akademi.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Flaherty, W. D, J., and Duncan M. Derrett, eds. 1987. The Concept of Duty in South Asia. SOAS: Vikas Publishing House PVT LTD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orans, M. 1965. The Santals. A Tribe in Search of Great Tradition. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otten, T. 2000. “In a Remote Area: Categories of the Person and Illness Among the Desia of Koraput, Orissa.” Journal of Social Sciences 4 (4): 347–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer, G. 1997. “The Scheduled Tribes of Middle India as a Unit: Problems of Internal and External Comparison.” In Contemporary Society: Tribal Studies Vol. I: Structure and Process, edited by G. Pfeffer and D. K. Behera, 3–27. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer, G. 2000. “Tribal Ideas.” Journal of Social Sciences 4 (4): 331–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer, G. 2002. “Tribal Society of Highland Orissa, Highland Burma, and Elsewhere.” In Text and Context, edited by J. Beltz, H. Frese, and A. Malinar. Heidelberg: Steiner Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quigley, D. 1999 (1993). The Interpretation of Castes. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahlins, M. 1968. Tribesmen. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schimmel, A. 1975. Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schnepel, B. 1997. Die Dschungelkönige. Ethnohistorische Aspekte von Politik und Ritual in Orissa. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senapati, N. 1972. “Appendix Mahima Dharma.” In Orissa District Gazetteers: Dhenkanal, edited by N. Senapati and P. Tripathy, 443–448. Cuttack: Orissa Government Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senapati, S., and D. Ch. Kuanr, eds. 1971. Gazetteer of India. Orissa State. Supplement Koraput District Gazetteer. Cuttack: Revenue Department Government of Orissa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senapati, N., and P. Tripathy, eds. 1972. Orissa District Gazetteers: Dhenkanal. Cuttack: Orissa Government Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tambiah, S. J. 1976. World Conqueror and World Renouncer: A Study of Buddhism and Polity in Thailand Against a Historical Background. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, N., and C. Humphrey, eds. 1994. Shamanism, History, and the State. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tribal Research Bureau (T.R.B.). 1968/69. “Impact of Satya Mahima Dharma on Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes in Orissa.” Adivasi X (1): 43–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vargyas, G. 1993. “The Structure of Bru Shamanic Ceremonies.” In Shamans and Cultures, Budapest Istor Books No. 5, edited by M. Hóppal and K. D. Howard, 120–127. Los Angeles: Akademia Kiadó/International Society for Trans-Oceanic Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vargyas, G. 1994. “Parole de Chamanes - Paroles d´Esprits.” In Cahiers de Littérature Orale No. 35, 123–175. Inalco, Paris: Publications LANGUES’O.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vitebsky, P. 1993. Dialogues with the Dead. New Delhi: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vitebsky, P. 1995. The Shaman. London: Duncan Baird Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, Max. 1988 [1920]. Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Religionssoziologie I. Tübingen: J-C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zinser, H. 1988. “Ekstase und Entfremdung.” In Religionswissenschaft. Eine Einführung, edited by H. Zinser, 274–284. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lidia Guzy .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Guzy, L. (2021). The Earth and the Tree in Alekh Shamanism in Koraput/Odisha. In: Riboli, D., Stewart, P.J., Strathern, A.J., Torri, D. (eds) Dealing with Disasters. Palgrave Studies in Disaster Anthropology. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56104-8_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56104-8_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-56103-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-56104-8

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics