Skip to main content

Jinn Pinn Dance in the Floods: Perceptions of Flood Disasters Among the Kalasha of Pakistan

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Dealing with Disasters

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Disaster Anthropology ((PSDA))

  • 351 Accesses

Abstract

The chapter explores the Kalasha eco-cosmological ideas, socio-historical transformations, and interpretations of environmental catastrophes. States of impurity such as menstruation, birth, death, and bloodshed attract the jinn pin or aphat bala, distinct categories of evil spirits. Entry into the pure zones without observing necessary purification rites and rules results in the spread of ritual impurity and pollution which may affect shrines, goats, and alpine pastures. The offensive transgression—considered to be a ritual pollution (pragoik)—may result in immediate warning strikes from the spirit world in the form of sudden winds, earthquake jolts, rock falls, hailstorms, rains, and minor flash floods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Afzal Khan, Mohammed. 1975. Chitral and Kafiristan. Peshawar: Ferozsons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agence France Press. 2015. “Earthquake Was Allah’s Wrath for Kalash Community’s Immoral Ways.” Express Tribune, November 10. https://tribune.com.pk/story/988585/earthquake-was-allahs-wrath-for-kalash-communitys-immoral-ways/. Accessed 2 May 2020.

  • Alauddin. 1992. Kalash: The Paradise Lost. Lahore: Progressive Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alder, G. J. 1963. British India’s Northern Frontier 1865–95: A Study in Imperial Policy. London: Longmans.

    Google Scholar 

  • BBC News. 2011. “Pakistan: Kalash Valley of Wine and Festivals Under Threat.” BBC News, May 21. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13466250. Accessed 2 May 2020.

  • Burnes, Alexander. 1833. “On the Reputed Descendants of Alexander the Great in the Valley of the Oxus.” Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 2: 305–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cacopardo, Augusto S. 2006. “Anthropomorphic Representations of Divinities Among the Kalasha of Chitral (Pakistan).” Acta Orientalia 67: 127–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cacopardo, Augusto S. 2011. Are the Kalasha Really of Greek Origin? The Legend of Alexander the Great and the Pre-Islamic World of the Hindu Kush. Acta Orientalia 73: 47–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cacopardo, Alberto M., and Augusto S. Cacopardo. 2001. Gates of Peristan: History, Religion, and Society in the Hindu Kush. Rome: Instituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fentz, Mytte. 2011. The Kalasha: Mountain People of the Hindu Kush. Copenhagen: Rhodos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hickey, Cameron, and Feeney Laureen. 2006. The Alphabet Book. New York: Pattern Films.

    Google Scholar 

  • IPCC Summary for Policy Maker of Climate Change. 2013. The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jettmar, Karl. 1986. The Religions of the Hindukush. Vol. I. The Religion of the Kafirs. The Pre-Islamic Heritage of Afghan Nuristan. Warminster: Aris and Phillips Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kakar, Hasan. 1971. Afghanistan, a Study in Internal Political Developments, 1880–1896. Lahore: Educational Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalash, Taj Khan, and Jan HeegĂĄrd. 2016. “Dynamics of Cultural Survival of the Kalasha.” In In the Footsteps of Halfdan Siiger—Danish Research in Central Asia, edited by By Ulrik Høj Johnsen, Armin W. Geertz, Svend Castenfeldt, and Peter B. Andersen, 115–136. Aarhus: Moesgaard Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, David. 1982. Kafir to Afghan: Religious Conversion, Political Incorporation, and Ethnicity in the Vaygal Valley, Nuristan. University of California at Los Angeles. Doctoral dissertation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leitner, Gottlieb W. 1894. Dardistan in 1866, 1886 and 1893. New Delhi: Manjusri Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lines, M. 1996. “A Sad Legacy: Environmental Problems in the Kalash Valleys.” In Proceeding of the Second International Hindu Kush Cultural Conference, edited by E. Bashir and Israr-ud-Din, 439–451. Karachi: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loude, Jean-Yves. 1996. “The Kalash Shamans’ Practice of Exorcism.” In Proceeding of the Second International Hindu Kush Cultural Conference, edited by E. Bashir and Israr-ud-Din, 329–335. Karachi: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loude, Jean-Yves, and Viviane Lièvre. 1988. Kalash Solstice: Winter Feasts of the Kalash of North Pakistan. Islamabad: Lok Virsa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maggi, Wynne R. 2001. Our Women Are Free: Gender and Ethnicity in the Hindukush. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murtaza, Mirza Ghulam. 1982 [1962]. New History of Chitral (Nai Tarikh, Chitral). Translated from the Urdu version into English by Wazir Ali Shah. Unpublished manuscript.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, Dean. 2009. “Taliban Targets Descendants of Alexander the Great.” Telegraph, September 21. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/6214794/Taliban-targets-descendants-of-Alexander-the-Great.html. Accessed 2 May 2020.

  • Parkes, Peter. 1987. “Livestock Symbolism and Pastoral Ideology Among the Kafirs of the Hindu Kush.” Man 22: 637–660.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parkes, Peter. 1992. “Reciprocity and Redistribution in Kalasha Prestige Feasts.” Anthropozoologica 16: 37–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raverty, Henri G. 1859. “Notes on Kafiristan.” Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 28: 213–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roopali, Rhadke. 1994. “Kalash Struggle to Protect Ancestral Lands.” Cultural Survival Quarterly Magazine, June 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siiger, Haldfan. 1963. “Shamanism Among the Kalash Kafirs of Chitral.” Folk 5: 295–303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trail G. H. 1996. “Tsyam Revisited: A Study of Kalasha Origins.” In Proceeding of the Second International Hindu Kush Cultural Conference, edited by E. Bashir and Israr-ud-Din, 359–376. Karachi: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trail, R. L., & G. R. Cooper. 1999. Kalasha Dictionary. Summer Institute of Linguistics and National Institute of Pakistan Studies. Islamabad.

    Google Scholar 

  • WFP, World Food Programme. 2010. Pakistan Flood Impact Assessment. September 2010. https://www.wfp.org/publications/pakistan-flood-impact-assessment-september-2010. Accessed 2 May 2020.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kalash, T.K. (2021). Jinn Pinn Dance in the Floods: Perceptions of Flood Disasters Among the Kalasha of Pakistan. In: Riboli, D., Stewart, P.J., Strathern, A.J., Torri, D. (eds) Dealing with Disasters. Palgrave Studies in Disaster Anthropology. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56104-8_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56104-8_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-56103-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-56104-8

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics