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Liquid Biopsy

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Practical Medical Oncology Textbook

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Abstract

In recent years, cancer patients’ management has been completely revolutionized thanks to a better comprehension of the biological processes underlying tumor development and progression. Nowadays treatment decision is strictly dependent on the molecular characterization of the tumor; thus, the path of cancer patients’ survival is tissue dependent, but this may have several limitations. One of the main medical needs is to develop noninvasive or minimally invasive and dynamic tools allowing a strict patients’ follow-up at different time points, and liquid biopsy encompasses this characteristic.

The term liquid biopsy includes several tumor components that can be detected in almost all biological fluids (plasma, serum, saliva, urine, and effusions). The principal aim of liquid biopsy is to detect and analyze biological material originated within and from the tumor: circulating nucleic acids [circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating microRNA and circulating RNA)], circulating tumor cells (CTC) and extracellular vesicles (exosomes and microvesicles). The information acquired through liquid biopsy can be either diagnostic, prognostic or predictive and used for real-time monitoring of disease progression. As endorsed by most international scientific societies, the detection of an actionable alteration in ctDNA, if using a validated assay, would eventually represent sufficient evidence to initiate targeted treatment, albeit not without reimbursement variations among all the different countries. To date, in most countries, the clinical application of liquid biopsy is often limited to the evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activating and resistance mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for which target therapies are available. More recently, following the introduction of immune-oncology (IO)-based treatments, the bases for a new type of liquid biopsy were built.

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Author notes

  1. Marta Castiglia, Lorena Incorvaia and Valerio Gristina should be considered equally co-first authors.

  2. Christian Rolfo and Antonio Russo should be considered equally co-last authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Marta Castiglia, Valerio Gristina & Antonio Russo

  2. Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Lorena Incorvaia

  3. Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Viviana Bazan

  4. Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

    Umberto Malapelle

  5. Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai System & Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

    Christian Rolfo

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  1. Marta Castiglia
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  4. Umberto Malapelle
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  6. Christian Rolfo
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  7. Antonio Russo
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Antonio Russo

  2. Oncology Department, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium

    Marc Peeters

  3. Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Lorena Incorvaia

  4. Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai System & Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA

    Christian Rolfo

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Castiglia, M. et al. (2021). Liquid Biopsy. In: Russo, A., Peeters, M., Incorvaia, L., Rolfo, C. (eds) Practical Medical Oncology Textbook. UNIPA Springer Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56051-5_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56051-5_6

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