Abstract
The concept of personalized medicine relies on the basic principle of treatment individualization by the use of validated biomarkers. This approach derives from the recent finding that tumors, bearing similar pathological features, are often addicted to different molecular lesions, which positively or negatively predict for response to specific therapeutics. In order to practice personalized medical oncology, validated biomarkers and highly selective therapeutics have been developed in the last few years and are presently available to the oncology community. The development of novel technologies has prompted the use of alternate biomarker sources like serum liquid biopsy, or the use of gene sequencing platforms like next-generation sequencing. The recent development and major results of immunotherapy have fueled the development of immunotherapy biomarkers, which are still in their infancy. Therefore, the learning objectives of the present chapter will address the current practice and the developmental issues of precision oncology.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Gori S, Barberis M, Bella MA, et al. Recommendations for the implementation of BRCA testing in ovarian cancer patients and their relatives. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2019;140:67–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.05.012.
Russo A, Incorvaia L, Del Re M, et al. The molecular profiling of solid tumors by liquid biopsy: a position paper of the AIOM-SIAPEC-IAP-SIBioC-SIC-SIF Italian Scientific Societies [published online ahead of print, 2021 Jun 3]. ESMO Open. 2021;6(3):100164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100164.
Incorvaia L, Fanale D, Badalamenti G, et al. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a predictive biomarker for pembrolizumab therapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Adv Ther. 2019;36(10):2600–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-019-01057-7.
Incorvaia L, Fanale D, Badalamenti G, et al. Baseline plasma levels of soluble PD-1, PD-L1, and BTN3A1 predict response to nivolumab treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a step toward a biomarker for therapeutic decisions. Oncoimmunology. 2020;9(1):1832348. Published 2020 Oct 27. https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2020.1832348.
Incorvaia L, Fanale D, Badalamenti G, et al. A “Lymphocyte MicroRNA Signature” as predictive biomarker of immunotherapy response and plasma PD-1/PD-L1 expression levels in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: pointing towards epigenetic reprogramming. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(11):3396. Published 2020 Nov 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113396.
Russo A, Incorvaia L, Malapelle U, et al. The tumor-agnostic treatment for patients with solid tumors: a position paper on behalf of the AIOM-SIAPEC/IAP-SIBIOC-SIF italian scientific societies [published online ahead of print, 2021 Aug 6]. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2021;103436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103436.
Bibliography
Baselga J, et al. Pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel for metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(2):109–19. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1113216.
Stopeck AT, et al. Safety of long-term denosumab therapy: results from the open label extension phase of two phase 3 studies in patients with metastatic breast and prostate cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2016;24(1):447–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-015-2904-5.
Zhou C, et al. Erlotinib versus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (OPTIMAL, CTONG-0802): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:735–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70184-X.
Sundaresan TK, et al. Detection of T790M, the acquired resistance EGFR mutation, by tumor biopsy versus noninvasive blood-based analyses. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22(5):1103–10. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-1031.
Tony S. Osimertinib or platinum–pemetrexed in EGFR T790M–positive lung cancer. MokN Engl J Med. 2017;376:629–40. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1612674.
Scagliotti GV, et al. Overall survival improvement in patients with lung cancer and bone metastases treated with denosumab versus zoledronic acid: subgroup analysis from a randomized phase 3 study. J Thorac Oncol. 2012;7(12):1823–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0b013e31826aec2b.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tagliaferri, P., Tassone, P. (2021). Personalized Medicine. In: Russo, A., Peeters, M., Incorvaia, L., Rolfo, C. (eds) Practical Medical Oncology Textbook. UNIPA Springer Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56051-5_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56051-5_26
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-56050-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-56051-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)