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Hybrid Atom–Ion Systems

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An Introduction to Cold and Ultracold Chemistry

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Abstract

Ion–neutral interactions play a major role in reactions relevant for biochemistry [1], have an impact on the chemistry of the interstellar medium [2], and contribute to different reactions in plasma physics [3]. Therefore, revealing the ultimate nature of ion–neutral interactions is crucial for chemical sciences. Luckily enough, hybrid atom–ion systems are specially designed for the task. These hybrid systems are the result of combining the best of two worlds, as shown in Fig. 9.1, ultracold atoms from ultracold physics and cold ions. Additionally, atom–ion hybrid systems, owing their versatility and degree of control, have potential applications in high-precision spectroscopy [4], quantum information [5,6,7,8], condensed matter physics [9, 10], and cold chemistry [11, 12]. In particular, cold chemistry in hybrid systems is the topic of the present chapter.

Hybrid atom–ion systems emerge in the interplay between cold ions and ultracold atoms. Hybrid atom–ion systems may have implications in all the different research areas enumerated in the rectangle with rounded vertices

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Notes

  1. 1.

    This system is usually considered as a quantum hybrid system. However, this chapter mostly focuses on atom–ion systems from a classical and semi-classical framework. Thus, we have decided to use the term hybrid systems instead of the quantum hybrid system.

  2. 2.

    The first demonstration of the idea of laser cooling was done for ions in the pioneering work in Neuhauser et al. [26].

  3. 3.

    This configuration is also known as a linear Paul trap.

  4. 4.

    Equation (9.6) are Mathieu differential equations that can be solved analytically by means of a recurrence relation leading to a convergent continued fraction of the relevant parameters [27, 28].

  5. 5.

    In general, the solution of Mathieu’s equations for an ion in a Paul trap is characterized by \(\beta _i=\sqrt {a_i+\frac {q_i^2}{2}}\), which is related to the stability of the solution [27, 28].

  6. 6.

    The Coulomb coupling parameter is generally defined in terms of T as \(\Gamma _{C}=\frac {V}{E_{\mathrm {kin}}}=\frac {(Ze)^2}{4\pi \epsilon _0 r_{WS} k_{B}T}\), which is called the temperature of the ions; however, it is clearer to use the average kinetic of the ions.

  7. 7.

    The Langer correction is the transformation l(l + 1) → (l + 1∕2)2, which leads to more accurate semi-classical results.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Molecular Physics, Berlin, Germany

    Jesús Pérez Ríos

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Pérez Ríos, J. (2020). Hybrid Atom–Ion Systems. In: An Introduction to Cold and Ultracold Chemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55936-6_9

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