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Epigenetic Mechanisms in Developmental and Seasonal Programs

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Neuroendocrine Clocks and Calendars

Part of the book series: Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology ((MANEURO,volume 10))

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Abstract

Developmental epigenetic modifications generally occur during cellular embryonic differentiation and impart permanent changes that last the individual’s lifespan. It is now recognized that epigenetic modifications also exhibit rhythmic patterns that impact the timing of seasonal transitions in physiology and behaviour. This chapter explores the role of epigenetic modifications during mammalian development and photoperiodic programming of seasonal rhythms, focussing on the molecular and cellular substrates in the hypothalamus that regulate seasonal timing of reproduction. The chapter draws evidence from the well-established literature on genomic imprinting and maternal programming during mammalian development to identify common genomic, molecular and cellular signalling mechanisms. One mechanism common across developmental and seasonal programs that is highlighted is the role of thyroid hormones. Recent data indicate that the epigenetic regulation of thyroid hormone deiodinase enzymes is a critical feature of developmental and seasonal programming.

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Recommended Further Reading

  • Stevenson TJ (2017) Circannual and circadian rhythms in hypothalamic DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 243:130–137. This paper revealed that the expression levels of several epigenetic enzymes exhibit robust daily rhythms in the hypothalamus.

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  • Stevenson TJ, Prendergast BJ (2013) Reversible DNA methylation regulates seasonal photoperiodic time measurement. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110:16651–16656. This paper provided the first evidence for seasonal rhythms in DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferase enzyme expression.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

    Tyler J. Stevenson

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  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Francis J. P. Ebling

  2. School of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

    Hugh D. Piggins

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Stevenson, T.J. (2020). Epigenetic Mechanisms in Developmental and Seasonal Programs. In: Ebling, F.J.P., Piggins, H.D. (eds) Neuroendocrine Clocks and Calendars. Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology, vol 10. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55643-3_4

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