Abstract
Visual loss, though frequently due to intraocular problems, has many important neurologic causes. Localization of visual loss requires detailed knowledge of the neuroanatomy of the visual system. Key sites in the visual pathways include the retina, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate body, optic radiations, and occipital cortex. The important components of examination are measurement of visual acuity, pupillary reactions, visual fields, and funduscopy. Disorders discussed in this chapter include optic neuritis, ischemic optic neuropathies, and posterior cerebral artery infarction. In addition, visual-behavioral syndromes including alexia without agraphia, Anton syndrome, Balint syndrome, and the visual agnosias are reviewed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Raman R, Zimmerman B. Giant cell arteritis: validity and reliability of various diagnostic criteria. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;123:285–96.
Miller A, Green M, Robinson D. Simple rule for calculating normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the elderly. Br Med J. 1983;286:266.
Achkar AA, Lie JT, Hunder GG, O’Fallon M, Gabriel SE. How does previous corticosteroid treatment affect the biopsy findings in giant cell (temporal) arteritis. Ann Int Med. 1994;120:987–92.
Stone JH, Tuckwell K, Dimonaco S, et al. Trial of tocilizumab in giant-cell arteritis. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:317–28.
Arnold AC. Ischemic optic neuropathy. In: Miller NR, Newman NJ, editors. Walsh & Hoyt’s clinical neuro-ophthalmology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. p. 349–84.
Mack HGB, O’Day J, Currie JN. Delayed choroidal perfusion in giant cell arteritis. J Clin Neuroophthalmol. 1991;11:221–7.
Newman NJ. Hereditary optic neuropathies: from the mitochondria to the optic nerve. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140:517–23.
Fraser SG, Adams W. Interventions for acute non-arteritic central retinal artery occlusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;2009(1):CD001989.
Russell MB, Olesen J. A nosographic analysis of the migraine aura in a general population. Brain. 1996;119:355–61.
Lee VH, Wijdicks EFM, Manno EM, Rabinstein AA. Clinical spectrum of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. Arch Neurol. 2008;65:205–10.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tarulli, A. (2021). Visual Loss and Other Visual Disturbances. In: Neurology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55598-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55598-6_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-55597-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-55598-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)