Abstract
This chapter explores the intellectual roots of co-production, ranging from Elinor Ostrom’s original empirical work, through the literatures from political science, social work and public services and incorporating the contributions of policy and practice communities, including the disability movement and the civil rights movement and their influence on co-production principles. It highlights the inter-relationships between different forms of citizen engagement, from consultation and public participation to co-production. It distinguishes co-production which develops out of public service organisations from co-production which emerges from community self-help, showing the implications of ‘inside-out’ and ‘outside-in’ pathways towards co-production. Finally, it develops a framework to assess the quality of co-production activities in terms of intensity of engagement, process coherence and results achieved.
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Loeffler, E. (2021). Distinguishing Types and Levels of Co-production: Concepts and Definitions. In: Co-Production of Public Services and Outcomes. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55509-2_2
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