Ethno-Medicinal Uses of Wildlife in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

Abstract

The state of Azad Kashmir covers an area of 13,297,000 square kilometers (km²). According to a population survey, it was estimated that the population was approximately 33.4 million in 2004 and 100% of the population is Muslim. The state lies between latitude 33° and 36° and longitude 73° and 75°. Geographically, Azad Kashmir consists of mountains with a few plains and valleys. The main rivers of this state are the Poonch, Jhelum, and Neelum. Climate is mostly subtropical, with a yearly rainfall of approximately 130,000 mm. Many species of animals, such as Laudakia agrorensis, Ptyas mucosus, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, Passer domesticus, Columba livia, Muntiacus muntjak, and Papilio bianor, are used to treat burns, joint pain, skin diseases, arthritis, eyesight, mouth disease (veterinary), wounds, fever, weakness, flu, sexual impotency, paralysis, and protein deficiency by their antibacterial and antifungal activities.