Abstract
This chapter explores the foreseeable repercussions of South East Europe (SEE) energy transition in terms of regional sustainability, resilience, vulnerability, and energy security. It examines enhancement of the natural gas pipelines in the framework of the Southern Gas Corridor, its broad ramifications for the SEE, as well as consequences for regional integration in energy security in the area. The chapter argues that natural gas will be relevant within the decarbonization pathway, coal-to-renewables transition, and energy security over the full transition toward a low-carbon economy. A moderate share of natural gas in the energy mix contributes to the robustness of the decarbonization strategy over the reduction of the growing electricity intermittency risk that emanates from the growing share of the renewables in the energy mix. Regardless of the undertaken landscape and energy mix, the decarbonization targets should not be subject to trade-offs with purely economic targets in the face of the short- to middle-term economic turmoils.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abrell, J., Rausch, S., & Streitberger, C. (2019). Buffering Volatility: Storage Investments and Technology-Specific Renewable Energy Support. Energy Economics, 84(S1), 104463.
Agaton, C., & Karl, H. (2018). A Real Options Approach to Renewable Electricity Generation in the Philippines. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 8(1), 1–9.
Aguilera, R. (2012). World Natural Gas Endowment as a Bridge Towards Zero Carbon Emissions. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 60(5), 36–39.
Aguilera, R.F., & Aguilera, R. (2020). Revisiting the Role of Natural Gas as a Transition Fuel. Mineral Economics, 33, 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-019-00192-5.
Asenov, E. (2018). Development of the Regional Natural Gas Market in Southeast Europe. Intereconomics, 53(4), 233–238.
Bhattacharyya, S. (2011). Energy Economics: Concepts Issues, Markets and Governance. London: Springer.
Bothe, D., & Janssen, M. (2019). The Value of Gas Infrastructure in a Climate-Neutral Europe. A Study Based on Eight European Countries. RWTH Aachen. https://www.frontier-economics.com/media/3120/value-of-gas-infrastructure-report.pdf. Accessed 10 June 2020.
Bowden, J. (2019). SE Gas Markets Towards Integration. OIES No. 150. https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/SE-Europe-gas-markets-towards-integration-NG-150.pdf?v=3a52f3c22ed6. Accessed 25 May 2020.
Busato, F., & Gatto, A. (2019). Evidenze empiriche dalla volatilità dei prezzi elettrici durante la crisi energetica californiana. Cattura del regolatore nel caso Enron? Moneta e Credito, 72(285), 29–46.
Büyükşahin, B., Mo, K., & Ymitrovicz, K. (2016). Commodity Price Supercycles: What Are They and What Lies Ahead? Bank of Canada Review 35. https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/boc-review-autumn16-buyuksahin.pdf. Accessed 29 May 2020.
Carrara, S., & Marangoni, G. (2017). Including System Integration of Variable Renewable Energies in a Constant Elasticity of Substitution Framework: The Case of the WITCH Model. Energy Economics, 64, 612–626.
CEE Bankwatch Network. (2018). Western Balkans Power Sector Future Scenarios and the EBRD. https://bankwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Western-Balkans-power-sector-future-scenarios-and-the-EBRD.pdf. Accessed 25 May 2020.
Dickel, R., Hassanzadeh, E., Henderson, J., Honore, A., El-Katiri, L., Pirani, S. Rogers, H., Stern, J., & Yafimava, K. (2014). Reducing European Dependence on Russian Gas: Distinguishing Natural Gas Security from Geopolitics (OIES Paper No. 92). https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/NG-92.pdf?v=35b5282113b8. Accessed 25 May 2020.
Economic Consulting Associates. (2018). South East Europe Gas Power Consortium. Energy Community. https://energy-community.org/dam/jcr:265fe646-8eef-4094-97c1-79b178eba511/ECA_IAP_feasiblity_022018.pdf. Accessed 10 June 2020.
Elbassoussy, A. (2019). European Energy Security Dilemma: Major Challenges and Confrontation Strategies. Review of Economics and Political Science, 4(4), 322–343.
Energy Community Regulatory Board. (2010). Regulatory Framework for the Development of the Regulatory Framework of the Energy Community Gas Ring. Energy Community. https://www.energy-community.org/dam/jcr:1640e1b4-10d0-4ed8-8baf-22bfba4e4c93/ECRB_framework_Gas_Ring.pdf. Accessed 25 May 2020.
Energy Institute Hrvoje Požar. (2007). South East Europe: Regional Gasification Study. http://www.eihp.hr/. Accessed 10 June 2020.
European Commission. (2001). Directive 2001/80/EC on the Limitation of Emissions of Certain Pollutants into the Air from Large Combustion Plants. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32001L0080&from=EN. Accessed 20 May 2020.
European Parliament and European Council. (2010). Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on Industrial Emissions. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32010L0075&from=en. Accessed 20 May 2020.
Finley, M. (2019). Energy Security and Energy Transition: A Classic Framework for a New Challenge. Baker Institute for Public Policy. https://www.bakerinstitute.org/media/files/files/844c4e55/bi-report-112519-ces-energytransition.pdf. Accessed 29 May 2020.
Gatto, A. (2020). A Pluralistic Aproach to Economic and Business Sustainability: A critical Meta‐Synthesis of Foundations, Metrics, and Evidence of Human and Local Development. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management.
Gatto, A., & Busato, F. (2020). Energy Vulnerability Around the World: The Global Energy Vulnerability Index (GEVI). Journal of Cleaner Production, 253, 118691.
Gatto, A., & Drago, C. (2019). A Compound Index of Renewables Consumption (NCH WP2019-01. NCH Working Paper Series). https://www.nchlondon.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/NCH-WP2019-01-1.pdf. Accessed 11 June 2020.
Gatto, A., & Drago, C. (2020a). A Taxonomy of Energy Resilience. Energy Policy, 136, 111007.
Gatto, A., & Drago, C. (2020b). Measuring and Modeling Energy Resilience. Ecological Economics, 172, 106527.
Gatto, A., Ferrari, M., & Sadik-Zada, R. E. (2017). Is Waste-to-Energy an Effective Strategy to Increase the Resource Efficiency of the Economy? A Panel Data Approach to Circular Economy in EU. Conference Paper. Associazione Italiana per gli studi sulla Qualità della Vita—National Conference on Quality of Life.
Gazprom. (2020). Nord Stream 2. http://www.gazpromexport.ru/en/projects/transportation/5/. Accessed 25 May 2020.
Gerner, F. (2010). The Future of the Natural Gas Market in Southeast Europe. The World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/2486. Accessed 31 May 2020.
Giamouridis, A., & Paleoyannis, S. (2011). Security of Gas Supplies in South Eastern Europe: Potential Contribution of Planned Pipelines, LNG, and Storage. Oxford Institute of Energy Studies NG 52. https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/NG_52.pdf. Accessed 25 May 2020.
Goldthau, A., & Sitter, N. (2020). Power, Authority and Security: The EU’s Russian Gas Dilemma. Journal of European Integration, 42(1), 111–127.
Hirth, L., & Steckel, J. C. (2016). The Role of Capital Costs in Decarbonizing the Electricity Sector. Environmental Research Letters, 11(11), 114010.
Honore, A. (2010). European Natural Gas Demand, Supply, and Pricing: Cycles, Seasons, and the Impact of LNG Price Arbitrage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Howarth, R. (2014). A Bridge to Nowhere: Methane Emissions and the Greenhouse Gas Footprint of Natural Gas. Energy Science Engineering, 2(2), 47–60.
IPCC. (2007). Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
Karova, R. (2009). Energy Community for South East Europe: Rationale Behind and Implementation to Date (EUI Working Papers RSCAS 2009/12). https://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/10912. Accessed 10 June 2020.
Kopalek, M., & Raghuveer, R. (2013). Multiple Factors Push Western Europe to Useless Natural Gas and More Coal. US Energy Information Administration. www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=13151. Accessed 10 June 2020.
Kovács, K. (2017). Reigniting Energy Cooperation in Central and South-Eastern Europe. In C. Jones (Ed.), The Role of Gas in the EU’s Energy Union (pp. 225–248). Deventer: Claeys & Casteels Law Publishers.
Kovacevic, A. (2017). Towards a Balkan Gas Hub: The Interplay Between Pipeline Gas, LNG, and Renewable Energy in South East Europe. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Towards-a-Balkan-gas-hub-NG-115.pdf?v=3a52f3c22ed6. Accessed 25 May 2020.
Kramer, M. (2018). The Role of Natural Gas in Energy Transition. Conference Paper. Materials of the 27th World Gas Conference. Washington DC: International Gas Union.
Michel, J. (2018, October 3). Europe Still Building New Coal Power Stations. Air Clim. https://www.airclim.org/acidnews/europe-still-building-new-coal-power-stations. Accessed 10 June 2020.
Mišík, M., & Nosko, A. (2017). The Eastring Gas Pipeline in the Context of the Central and Eastern European Gas Supply Challenge. Nature Energy, 2(11), 844–848.
Moraliyska, M. (2016). The Region of Southeast Europe: The Island of Missing Gas Connectivity and Its European Implications. In M. Bilgin, H. Danis, E. Demir, & U. Can (Eds.), Business Challenges in the Changing Economic Landscape (pp. 497–526). Cham: Springer.
Morningstar, R. L., Simonyi, A., Khakova, O., & Markina, I. (2020). European Energy Diversification: How Alternative Sources, Routes, and Clean Technologies Can Bolster Energy Security and Decarbonization. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/issue-brief/european-energy-diversification-how-alternative-sources-and-routes-can-bolster-energy-security-and-decarbonization/. Accessed 25 May 2020.
National Research Council. (2009). Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use. Washington: National Research Council.
Nordstream. (2020). Wer Wir Sind. https://www.nord-stream.com/de/wer-wir-sind/. Accessed 25 May 2020.
OECD. (2018). Competitiveness in South East Europe: A Policy Outlook. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264298576-17-en.pdf?expires=1586129950&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=72A971543AC43A2F526E60D03C7125DA. Accessed 25 May 2020.
Oravcová, V., & Mišík, M. (2018). EU Funds and Limited Cooperation: Energy Infrastructure Development in the Visegrad Group. International Issues and Slovak Foreign Policy Affairs, 27(3–4), 11–26.
Pflüger, F. (2019). A European view: Europe, Nord Stream 2, and diversification. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/energysource/a-european-view-europe-nord-stream-2-and-diversification/. Accessed 25 May 2020.
Pirani, S. (2018). Let’s Not Exaggerate: Southern Gas Corridor Prospects to 2030 (OIES Paper NG 135). https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Lets-not-exaggerate-Southern-Gas-Corridor-prospects-to-2030-NG-135.pdf. Accessed 11 June 2020.
Rentier, G., Lelieveldt, H., & Kramer, G. J. (2019). Varieties of Coal-Fired Power Phase-Out Across Europe. Energy Policy, 132, 620–632.
Rettmann, A. (2018, April 12). EU Documents Lay Bare Russian Energy Abuse. EU Observer. https://euobserver.com/foreign/141584. Accessed 25 May 2020.
Rifkin, J. (2002). The Hydrogen Economy. London: Penguin Random House.
Roberts, J. M. (2018). Three Pipelines and Three Seas: BRUA, TAP, the IAP and Gasification in Southeast Europe. Atlantic Council. https://cdn.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/three-pipelines-and-three-seas-brua-tap-the-iap-and-gasification-in-southeast-europe/. Accessed 25 May 2020.
Sadik-Zada, E. R. (2004) Geopolitik in der Kaspischen Region. ZfT-aktuell N 103. Essen: University of Duisburg Essen.
Sadik-Zada, E. R. (2020). Distributional Bargaining and the Speed of Structural Change in the Petroleum Exporting Labor Surplus Economies. The European Journal of Development Research, 32(1), 51–98.
Sadik-Zada, E. R., & Gatto, A. (2019). Determinants of Public Debt and the Role of Natural Resources: A Cross-Country Analysis (FEEM Working Papers Series No. 4.2019). Berkeley Electronic Press Service.
Sadik-Zada, E. R., & Gatto, A. (2020). The Puzzle of Greenhouse Gas Footprints of Oil Abundance. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences.
Safari, A., Jafari, S., & Assadi, M. (2018). Role of Gas-Fuelled Solutions in Support of Future Sustainable Energy World; Part I: Stimuluses, Enablers, and Barriers. Sustainable Energy Technology and Policies, 2(2), 1–33.
Safari, A., Das, N., Langhelle, O., Roy, J., & Assadi, M. (2019). Natural Gas: A Transition Fuel for Sustainable Energy System Transformation? Energy Science and Engineering, 7(4), 1075–1094.
SGC. (2020). Southern Gas Corridor. https://www.sgc.az/en/project/tap. Accessed 25 May 2020.
Szabo, L., Kelemen, A., Mezosi, A., Pato, Z., Kascar, E., Resh, G., et al. (2018). South East Europe Electricity Roadmap—Modelling Energy Transition in the Electricity Sectors. Climate Change, 19(4), 495–510.
Townsend, A.F. (2019). Natural Gas and the Clean Energy Transition. IFC Emerging Markets Compass Note 65.
Verdolini, E., Vona, F., & Popp, D. (2018). Bridging the Gap: Do Fast-Reacting Fossil Technologies Facilitate Renewable Energy Diffusion? Energy Policy, 116, 242–256.
Vladimirov, M. (2019, January 29). Coal Has No Real Future in Southeast Europe. Energy Transition. www.energytransition.org/2019/01/coal-no-future-southeast-europe/. Accessed 25 May 2020.
Wilson, I. A. G., & Staffell, I. (2018). Rapid Fuel Switching from Coal to Natural Gas Through Effective Carbon Pricing. Nature Energy, 3(5), 365–372.
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the conference conveners, Matúš Mišík and Veronika Oravcová, for their valuable feedback and contributions, and Margarita M. Balmaceda, Csaba Weiner, Danijel Crnčec, Tomas Janeliūnas, Farid Karimi, Zsolt Gál, Martin Jirušek, Mariëlle Feenstra, and all conference participants for insightful comments that improved the chapter.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sadik-Zada, E.R., Gatto, A. (2021). Energy Security Pathways in South East Europe: Diversification of the Natural Gas Supplies, Energy Transition, and Energy Futures. In: Mišík, M., Oravcová, V. (eds) From Economic to Energy Transition. Energy, Climate and the Environment. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55085-1_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55085-1_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-55084-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-55085-1
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)