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Trichoderma: Agricultural Applications and Beyond pp 127–158Cite as

Trichoderma Species: A Blessing for Crop Production

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Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 61))

Abstract

Trichoderma species are such a soil fungi which are present worldwide. A wide range of soil habitats ranging from cool temperate to tropical climates can be colonized by them. These include niches covered with field crops, orchards, forests, pasture, and also the soils of desert environment. The saprophytic nature of Trichoderma makes it capable of surviving in the soil’s uppermost layer (F and H) where mycelium can be recovered in a huge quantity. Some Trichoderma species have also been recovered from the habitat representing very adverse ecosystems like mangrove swamps, salt marshes, and estuarine sediments. Survival in such an environment with adverse osmotic potential is a real challenge for Trichoderma. T. viride has been noticed to widely colonize such environments as it is probably the most widespread in nature. Species of Trichoderma have been found to be of immense benefit for the crop. These species have been found to promote the plant growth in addition to their capability of disease management, abiotic stress management, and also for enhancing the rate of seed germination. The role of Trichoderma spp. in managing the abiotic stress has now gained momentum. Several species of Trichoderma have been found to alleviate the drought and heat stress in crops like rice and wheat by interfering in the scavenging activities of free radicals and reactive oxygen species generated as a result of drought or heat exposure. Trichoderma treated plants have also been found to properly compensate for the water losses, thus saving the plants against excess evapotranspiration of water under a water deficit environment. In some of the recent studies, they have also been found to be of greater use for inducing plant defense responses against plant diseases. They also have been found to interfere in the regulation of gene expression mechanisms for disease management and abiotic stress management as well. Nano science is another recent domain where Trichoderma has a role for nano-particle synthesis. Several enzymes and other secondary metabolites produced by Trichoderma species have been found to be of a greater role and importance in industrial use such as clothing and textiles along with food industries. Trichoderma spp. are also used as sources of transgenes for developing disease-resistant varieties through genetic engineering. These activities need to be exploited for increasing the high value and quality crop production and also for industrial applications. However, there is a strong need to concentrate on exploring the biodiversity of Trichoderma to develop some novel potential strains/isolates than the existing one or it should be developed using genetic engineering and molecular tools.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, SVPUAT, Meerut, India

    Ramji Singh, P. Anbazhagan & H. S. Viswanath

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

    Ajay Tomer

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  1. Ramji Singh
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  2. P. Anbazhagan
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  3. H. S. Viswanath
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  1. Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Chakravarthula Manoharachary

  2. Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Harikesh Bahadur Singh

  3. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India

    Ajit Varma

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Singh, R., Anbazhagan, P., Viswanath, H.S., Tomer, A. (2020). Trichoderma Species: A Blessing for Crop Production. In: Manoharachary, C., Singh, H.B., Varma, A. (eds) Trichoderma: Agricultural Applications and Beyond. Soil Biology, vol 61. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54758-5_6

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