Abstract
Water is one of the essential components of our daily lives especially in agriculture, domestic care, and process industry. Though the world is covered with almost 70% of water, only 1% of water is accessible out of 2.5% freshwater. Therefore, it is very essential to recycle water to fulfill the demand of the growing population. On the other hand, many chemical process industries including textile are discharging wastewater directly to the environment without any proper treatment which causes contamination of surface water as well as groundwater including the rivers. Therefore, treatment of wastewater has become a concern of the scientific community.
This chapter also provides a brief introduction of advanced techniques for treatment of contaminated water including the synergistic effect of hybrid processes. Also, a detailed discussion on the effect of negative synergy due to simultaneous application of more than a single advanced technique has been presented. For effective and efficient treatment of wastewater, different hybrid techniques have been employed, and the degree of mineralization was estimated. Under the sono-hybrid technique, more than 90% of degradation was obtained within 30 min of treatment in most of the homogeneous hybrid techniques. However, the maximum total organic carbon removal of 68.4% was achieved with the sono-persulfate oxidation process.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adewuyi Y (2001) Sonochemistry: environmental science and engineering applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 40:4681–4715. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie010096l
Adewuyi Y (2005a) Sonochemistry in environmental remediation-1: combinative and hybrid sono-photochemical oxidation processes for the treatment of pollutants in water. Environ Sci Technol 39:3409–3420. https://doi.org/10.1021/es049138y
Adewuyi Y (2005b) Sonochemistry in environmental remediation-2: heterogeneous sono-photocatalytic oxidation processes for the treatment of pollutants in water. Environ Sci Technol 39:8557–8570. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0509127
Andreozzi R, Caprio V, Insola A, Marotta R (1999) Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for water purification and recovery. Catal Today 53:51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5861(99)00102-9
Arslan I, Balcioğlu IA, Bahnemann DW (2000) Advanced chemical oxidation of reactive dyes in simulated dyehouse effluents by ferrioxalate-Fenton/UV-A and TiO2/UV-A processes. Dyes Pigments 47:207–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-7208(00)00082-6
Asiri AM, Al-Amoudi MS, Bazaid SA, Adam AA, Alamry KA, Anandan S (2014) Enhanced visible light photodegradation of water pollutants over N-, S-doped titanium dioxide and n-titanium dioxide in the presence of inorganic anions. J Saudi Chem Soc 18:155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2011.06.008
Bagal MV, Gogate PR (2014a) Wastewater treatment using hybrid treatment schemes based on cavitation and Fenton chemistry: a review. Ultrason Sonochem 21:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.07.009
Bagal MV, Gogate PR (2014b) Degradation of diclofenac sodium using combined processes based on hydrodynamic cavitation and heterogeneous photocatalysis. Ultrason Sonochem 21:1035–1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.10.020
Bocos E, Fernández-Costas C, Pazos M, Sanromán MA (2015) Removal of PAHs and pesticides from polluted soils by enhanced electrokinetic-Fenton treatment. Chemosphere 125:168–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.049
Chakma S (2015) Mechanistic investigations in hybrid advanced oxidation processes for degradation of recalcitrant pollutants. Ph.D dissertation, IIT Guwahati
Chakma S, Moholkar VS (2013a) Physical mechanism of sono–Fenton process. AICHE J 59:4303–4313. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.14150
Chakma S, Moholkar VS (2013b) Numerical simulation and investigation of system parameters of sonochemical process. Chin J Eng 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/362682
Chakma S, Moholkar VS (2014) Investigations in synergism of hybrid advanced oxidation processes with combinations of sonolysis + Fenton process + UV for degradation of bisphenol–A. Ind Eng Chem Res 53:6855–6865. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie500474f
Chakma S, Moholkar VS (2015a) Intensification of wastewater treatment using sono-hybrid processes: an overview of mechanistic synergism. Indian Chem Eng 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00194506.2015.1026948
Chakma S, Moholkar VS (2015b) Investigation in mechanistic issues of sonocatalysis and sonophotocatalysis using pure and doped photocatalysts. Ultrason Sonochem 22:287–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.06.008
Chakma S, Moholkar VS (2015c) Sonochemical synthesis of mesoporous ZrFe2O5 and its application for degradation of recalcitrant pollutants. RSC Adv 5:53529–53542. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA06148B
Chakma S, Moholkar VS (2016a) Investigations in sono-enzymatic degradation of ibuprofen. Ultrason Sonochem 29:485–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.11.002
Chakma S, Moholkar VS (2016b) Mechanistic analysis of sono-photolysis degradation of carmoisine. J Ind Eng Chem 33:276–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2015.10.015
Chakma S, Moholkar VS (2016c) Mechanistic analysis of hybrid sono-photo-ferrioxalate system for decolorization of azo dye. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 60:469–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2015.11.009
Chakma S, Bhasarkar JB, Moholkar VS (2013) Preparation, characterization and application of sonochemically doped Fe3+ into ZnO nanoparticles. Int J Res Eng Tech 2:177–183. https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2013.0208030
Chakma S, Das L, Moholkar VS (2015) Dye decolorization with hybrid advanced oxidation processes comprising sonolysis/Fenton-like/photo-ferrioxalate systems: a mechanistic investigation. Sep Purif Technol 156:596–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2015.10.055
Chakma S, Praneeth S, Moholkar VS (2017) Mechanistic investigations in sono-hybrid (ultrasound/Fe2+/UVC) techniques of persulfate activation for degradation of azorubine. Ultrason Sonochem 38:652–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.08.015
Chang M-W, Chung C-C, Chern J-M, Chen T-S (2010) Dye decomposition kinetics by UV/H2O2: initial rate analysis by effective kinetic modelling methodology. Chem Eng Sci 65:135–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2009.01.056
Chen W-S, Huang C-P (2015) Mineralization of aniline in aqueous solution by electro-activated persulfate oxidation enhanced with ultrasound. Chem Eng J 266:279–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.12.100
Daud NK, Akpan UG, Hameed BH (2012) Decolorization of Sunzol Black DN conc. in aqueous solution by Fenton oxidation process: effect of system parameters and kinetic study. Desalin Water Treat 37:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.661246
Dinesh GK, Chakma S (2019a) Mechanistic investigation in degradation mechanism of 5-fluorouracil using graphitic carbon nitride. Ultrason Sonochem 50:311–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.09.032
Dinesh GK, Chakma S (2019b) Degradation kinetic study of cholesterol lowering statin drug using sono-hybrid techniques initiated by metal-free polymeric catalyst. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 100:95–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2019.04.009
Entezari MH, Petrier C (2005) A combination of ultrasound and oxidative enzyme: sono-enzyme degradation of phenols in a mixture. Ultrason Sonochem 12:283–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2004.01.040
Etacheri V, Roshan R, Kumar V (2012) Mg−doped ZnO nanoparticles for efficient sunlight−driven photocatalysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:2717–2725. https://doi.org/10.1021/am300359h
Giri AS, Golder AK (2014) Chloramphenicol degradation in Fenton and photo-Fenton: formation of Fe2+-chloramphenicol chelate and reaction pathways. Ind Eng Chem Res 53:16196–16203. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie501508d
Hu B, Wu C, Zhang Z, Wang L (2014) Sonophotocatalytic degradation of trichloroacetic acid in aqueous solution. Ceram Int 40:7015–7021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.12.029
Huang R, Fang Z, Yan X, Cheng W (2012) Heterogeneous sono–Fenton catalytic degradation of bisphenol A by Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles under neutral condition. Chem Eng J 197:242–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.05.035
Iglesias O, Fernández de Dios MA, Tavares T, Sanromán MA, Pazos M (2015) Heterogeneous electro-Fenton treatment: preparation, characterization and performance in groundwater pesticide removal. J Ind Eng Chem 27:276–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.12.044
Jeong J, Yoon J (2004) Dual roles of \( {\mathrm{CO}}_2^{\bullet -} \) for degrading synthetic organic chemicals in the photo/ferrioxalate system. Water Res 38:3531–3540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.05.016
Jeong J, Yoon J (2005) pH effect on •OH radical production in photo/ferrioxalate system. Water Res 39:2893–2900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.014
Katsumata H, Okada T, Kaneco S, Suzuki T, Ohta K (2010) Degradation of fenitrothion by ultrasound/ferrioxalate/UV system. Ultrason Sonochem 17:200–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.06.011
Katsumata H, Kobayashi T, Kaneco S, Suzuki T, Ohta K (2011) Degradation of linuron by ultrasound combined with photo-Fenton treatment. Chem Eng J 166:468–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.10.073
Khuntia S, Majumder SK, Ghosh P (2014) Oxidation of As(III) to As(V) using ozone microbubbles. Chemosphere 97:120–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.046
Kim K, Cho E, Thokchom B, Cui M, Jang M, Khim J (2015) Synergistic sonoelectrochemical removal of substituted phenols: implications of ultrasonic parameters and physicochemical properties. Ultrason Sonochem 24:172–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.11.004
Kudo A, Miseki Y (2009) Heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for water splitting. Chem Soc Rev 253−278. https://doi.org/10.1039/B800489G
Kusic H, Peternel I, Ukic S, Koprivanac N, Bolanca T, Papic S, Bozic AL (2011) Modeling of iron activated persulfate oxidation treating reactive azo dye in water matrix. Chem Eng J 172:109–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.05.076
Lin J-J, Zhao X-S, Liu D, Yu Z-G, Zhang Y, Xu H (2008) The decoloration and mineralization of azo dye C.I. Acid Red 14 by sonochemical process: rate improvement via Fenton’s reactions. J Hazard Mater 157:541–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.050
Malani RS, Khanna S, Chakma S, Moholkar VS (2014) Mechanistic insight into sono-enzymatic degradation of organic pollutants with kinetic and thermodynamic analysis. Ultrason Sonochem 21:1400–1406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.01.028
Mishra KP, Gogate PR (2011) Intensification of sonophotocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol at pilot scale capacity. Ultrason Sonochem 18:739–744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.11.004
Monteagudo JM, Durán A, López-Almodóvar C (2008) Homogeneous ferrioxalate-assisted solar photo-Fenton degradation of Orange II aqueous solutions. Appl Catal B Environ 83:46–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.02.002
Monteagudo JM, Durán A, Culebradas R, San Martín I, Carnicer A (2013) Optimization of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment by solar/ferrioxalate photo-catalysis. J Environ Manag 128:210–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.05.013
Monteagudo JM, Durán A, González R, Expósito AJ (2015) In situ chemical oxidation of carbamazepine solutions using persulfate simultaneously activated by heat energy, UV light, Fe2+ ions, and H2O2. Appl Catal B Environ 176–177:120–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.03.055
Neppolian B, Jung H, Choi H, Lee JH, Kang J-W (2002) Sonolytic degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether: the role of coupled Fenton process and persulphate ion. Water Res 36:4699–4708. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00211-7
Ng CM, Chen PC, Sivakumar M (2012) Hydrothermal crystallization of titania on silver nucleation sites for the synthesis of visible light nano-photocatalysts-enhanced photoactivity using Rhodamine 6G. Appl Catal A Gen 433–434:75–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2012.05.004
Ni M, Leung MKH, Leung DYC, Sumathy K (2007) A review and recent developments in photocatalytic water-splitting using TiO2 for hydrogen production. Renew Sustain Energ Rev 11:401–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2005.01.00
Nie M, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Yan C, Wang X, Li H, Dong W (2014) Degradation of chloramphenicol by thermally activated persulfate in aqueous solution. Chem Eng J 246:373–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.02.047
Pang YL, Abdullah AZ (2013) Fe3+ doped TiO2 nanotubes for combined adsorption–sonocatalytic degradation of real textile wastewater. Appl Catal B Environ 129:473–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.09.051
Pareek VK, Adesina AA (2004) Light intensity distribution in a photocatalytic reactor using finite volume. AICHE J 50:1273–1288. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.10107
Peller J, Wiest O, Kamat PV (2003) Synergy of combining sonolysis and photocatalysis in the degradation and mineralization of chlorinated aromatic compounds. Environ Sci Technol 37:1926–1932. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0261630
Poyatos JM, Munio MM, Almecija MC, Torres JC, Hontoria E, Osorio F (2010) Advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment: state of the art. Water Air Soil Pollut 205:187–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0065-1
Qin H, Li W, Xia Y, He T (2011) Photocatalytic activity of heterostructures based on ZnO and N−doped ZnO. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3:3152–3156. https://doi.org/10.1021/am200655h
Reszczyńska J, Grzyb T, Sobczak JW, Lisowski W, Gazda M, Ohtani B, Zaleska A (2015) Visible light activity of rare earth metal doped (Er3+, Yb3+ or Er3+/Yb3+) titania photocatalysts. Appl Catal B Environ 163:40–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.07.010
Rodríguez EM, Fernández G, Álvarez PM, Hernández R, Beltrán FJ (2011) Photocatalytic degradation of organics in water in the presence of iron oxides: effects of pH and light source. Appl Catal B Environ 102:572–583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.12.041
Rodríguez EM, Fernández G, Alvarez PM, Beltrán FJ (2012) TiO2 and Fe (III) photocatalytic ozonation processes of a mixture of emergent contaminants of water. Water Res 46:152–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.038
Roshani B, velLeitner NK (2011) The influence of persulfate addition for the degradation of micropollutants by ionizing radiation. Chem Eng J 168:784–789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.12.023
Saien J, Delavari H, Solymani AR (2010) Sono-assisted photocatalytic degradation of styrene-acrylic acid copolymer in aqueous media with nanotitania particles and kinetic studies. J Hazard Mater 177:1031–1038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.01.024
Sangave PC, Pandit AB (2006) Ultrasound and enzyme assisted biodegradation of distillery wastewater. J Environ Manag 80:36–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.08.010
Segura Y, Molina R, Martínez F, Melero JA (2009) Integrated heterogeneous sono–photo Fenton processes for the degradation of phenolic aqueous solutions. Ultrason Sonochem 16:417–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2008.10.004
Shirsath SR, Pinjari DV, Gogate PR, Sonawane SH, Pandit AB (2013) Ultrasound assisted synthesis of doped TiO2 nano−particles: characterization and comparison of effectiveness for photocatalytic oxidation of dyestuff effluent. Ultrason Sonochem 20:277–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.05.015
Sun Y, Yang H, Zhong X, Zhang L, Wang W (2011) Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic degradation of cholesterol in egg yolk. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 12:505–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2011.07.012
Suslick KS (1990) Sonochemistry. Science 247:1439–1445. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.247.4949.1439
Vedrenne M, Vasquez-Medrano R, Prato-Garcia D, Frontana-Uribe BA, Hernandez-Esparza M, de Andrés JM (2012) A ferrous oxalate mediated photo–Fenton system: toward an increased biodegradability of indigo dyed wastewaters. J Hazard Mater 243:292–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.10.032
Wang S, Zhou N, Wu S, Zhang Q, Yang Z (2015) Modeling the oxidation kinetics of sono-activated persulfate’s process on the degradation of humic acid. Ultrason Sonochem 23:128–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.10.026
Yao Z, Jia F, Tian S, Li CX, Jiang Z, Bai X (2010) Microporous Ni−doped TiO2 film photocatalyst by plasma electrolytic oxidation. ACS Appl Mater Int 2:2617–2622. https://doi.org/10.1021/am100450h
Zaleska A (2008) Doped−TiO2: a review. Recent Pat Eng 2:157–164. https://doi.org/10.2174/187221208786306289
Zhao D, Ding C, Wu C, Xu X (2012) Kinetics of ultrasound-enhanced oxidation of p-nitrophenol by fenton’s reagent. Energy Procedia 16:146–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.01.025
Zhong X, Royer S, Zhang H, Huang Q, Xiang L, Valange S, Barrault J (2011) Mesoporous silica iron-doped as stable and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the degradation of C.I. Acid Orange 7 using sono–photo-Fenton process. Sep Purif Technol 80:163–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2011.04.024
Zhou D, Wu F, Deng N, Xiang W (2004) Photooxidation of bisphenol A (BPA) in water in the presence of ferric and carboxylate salts. Water Res 38:4107–4116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.07.021
Zhou T, Wu X, Zhang Y, Li J, Lim T-T (2013) Synergistic catalytic degradation of antibiotic sulfamethazine in a heterogeneous sonophotolytic goethite/oxalate Fenton-like system. Appl Catal B Environ 136–137:294–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.02.004
Zhu LP, Wang LL, Bing NC, Huang C, Wang LJ, Liao GH (2013) Porous fluorine−doped γ-Fe2O3 hollow spheres: synthesis, growth mechanism, and their application in photocatalysis. ACS Appl Mater Int 5:12478–12487. https://doi.org/10.1021/am403720r
Ziylan A, Ince NH (2015) Catalytic ozonation of ibuprofen with ultrasound and Fe-based catalysts. Catal Today 240:2–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2014.03.002
Zou X, Zhou T, Mao J, Wu X (2014) Synergistic degradation of antibiotic sulfadiazine in a heterogeneous ultrasound-enhanced Fe0/persulfate Fenton-like system. Chem Eng J 257:36–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.07.048
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chakma, S., Upadhyay, P., Alawa, B. (2021). Degradation Mechanism of Pollutants Using Sono-hybrid Advanced Oxidation Processes. In: Inamuddin, Ahamed, M.I., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Water Pollution and Remediation: Photocatalysis. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 57. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54723-3_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54723-3_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-54722-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-54723-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)